React Flow Implementation

Quick Start

import { useCallback } from 'react';
import { ReactFlow, useNodesState, useEdgesState, addEdge } from '@xyflow/react';
import '@xyflow/react/dist/style.css';

const initialNodes = [
  { id: '1', position: { x: 0, y: 0 }, data: { label: 'Node 1' } },
  { id: '2', position: { x: 200, y: 100 }, data: { label: 'Node 2' } },
];

const initialEdges = [{ id: 'e1-2', source: '1', target: '2' }];

export default function Flow() {
  const [nodes, setNodes, onNodesChange] = useNodesState(initialNodes);
  const [edges, setEdges, onEdgesChange] = useEdgesState(initialEdges);

  const onConnect = useCallback(
    (connection) => setEdges((eds) => addEdge(connection, eds)),
    [setEdges]
  );

  return (
    <div style={{ width: '100%', height: '100vh' }}>
      <ReactFlow
        nodes={nodes}
        edges={edges}
        onNodesChange={onNodesChange}
        onEdgesChange={onEdgesChange}
        onConnect={onConnect}
        fitView
      />
    </div>
  );
}

Implementation gates

Run these in order; do not skip ahead on “looks fine.”

1. Styles on the page — Pass if the bundle that renders <ReactFlow /> imports @xyflow/react/dist/style.css (or equivalent CSS pipeline) so nodes/edges are visible and hit-targets match visuals.
2. useReactFlow boundary — Pass if every caller of useReactFlow() is a descendant of <ReactFlowProvider> that wraps the same tree as <ReactFlow /> (or you have intentionally split stores and can name both roots).
3. Stable nodeTypes / edgeTypes — Pass if those maps are module-scope constants or useMemo with stable deps—not a new { ... } literal each render in the component that renders <ReactFlow />.
4. Handles match edges — Pass if for nodes with multiple Handle ids, every edge that must land on a specific handle sets sourceHandle / targetHandle accordingly (or you accept default handle resolution deliberately).

See ADDITIONAL_COMPONENTS.md for MiniMap, Controls, Background, NodeToolbar, and NodeResizer patterns.

Core Patterns

TypeScript Types

import type { Node, Edge, NodeProps, BuiltInNode } from '@xyflow/react';

// Define custom node type with data shape
type CustomNode = Node<{ value: number; label: string }, 'custom'>;

// Combine with built-in nodes
type MyNode = CustomNode | BuiltInNode;
type MyEdge = Edge<{ weight?: number }>;

// Use throughout app
const [nodes, setNodes] = useNodesState<MyNode>(initialNodes);

Custom Nodes

import { memo } from 'react';
import { Handle, Position, type NodeProps } from '@xyflow/react';

// Define node type
type CounterNode = Node<{ count: number }, 'counter'>;

// Always wrap in memo for performance
const CounterNode = memo(function CounterNode({ data, isConnectable }: NodeProps<CounterNode>) {
  return (
    <>
      <Handle type="target" position={Position.Top} isConnectable={isConnectable} />
      <div className="counter-node">
        Count: {data.count}
        {/* nodrag prevents dragging when interacting with button */}
        <button className="nodrag" onClick={() => console.log('clicked')}>
          Increment
        </button>
      </div>
      <Handle type="source" position={Position.Bottom} isConnectable={isConnectable} />
    </>
  );
});

// Register in nodeTypes (define OUTSIDE component to avoid re-renders)
const nodeTypes = { counter: CounterNode };

// Use in ReactFlow
<ReactFlow nodeTypes={nodeTypes} ... />

Multiple Handles

// Use handle IDs when a node has multiple handles of same type
<Handle type="source" position={Position.Right} id="a" />
<Handle type="source" position={Position.Right} id="b" style={{ top: 20 }} />

// Connect with specific handles
const edge = {
  id: 'e1-2',
  source: '1',
  sourceHandle: 'a',
  target: '2',
  targetHandle: null
};

Custom Edges

import { BaseEdge, EdgeProps, getSmoothStepPath } from '@xyflow/react';

function CustomEdge({ id, sourceX, sourceY, targetX, targetY, sourcePosition, targetPosition, data }: EdgeProps) {
  const [edgePath, labelX, labelY] = getSmoothStepPath({
    sourceX, sourceY, sourcePosition,
    targetX, targetY, targetPosition,
  });

  return (
    <>
      <BaseEdge id={id} path={edgePath} />
      <text x={labelX} y={labelY} className="edge-label">{data?.label}</text>
    </>
  );
}

const edgeTypes = { custom: CustomEdge };

State Management

Controlled (Recommended for Production)

// External state with change handlers
const [nodes, setNodes] = useState<Node[]>(initialNodes);
const [edges, setEdges] = useState<Edge[]>(initialEdges);

const onNodesChange = useCallback(
  (changes) => setNodes((nds) => applyNodeChanges(changes, nds)),
  []
);

const onEdgesChange = useCallback(
  (changes) => setEdges((eds) => applyEdgeChanges(changes, eds)),
  []
);

<ReactFlow
  nodes={nodes}
  edges={edges}
  onNodesChange={onNodesChange}
  onEdgesChange={onEdgesChange}
/>

Using useReactFlow

import { useReactFlow, ReactFlowProvider } from '@xyflow/react';

function FlowControls() {
  const {
    getNodes, setNodes, addNodes, updateNodeData,
    getEdges, setEdges, addEdges,
    fitView, zoomIn, zoomOut, setViewport,
    deleteElements, toObject,
  } = useReactFlow();

  const addNode = () => {
    addNodes({ id: `${Date.now()}`, position: { x: 100, y: 100 }, data: { label: 'New' } });
  };

  return <button onClick={addNode}>Add Node</button>;
}

// Must wrap in provider when using useReactFlow
function App() {
  return (
    <ReactFlowProvider>
      <Flow />
      <FlowControls />
    </ReactFlowProvider>
  );
}

Updating Node Data

const { updateNodeData } = useReactFlow();

// Merge with existing data
updateNodeData(nodeId, { label: 'Updated' });

// Replace data entirely
updateNodeData(nodeId, { newField: 'value' }, { replace: true });

Viewport & Fit View

// Fit on initial render
<ReactFlow fitView fitViewOptions={{ padding: 0.2, maxZoom: 1 }} />

// Programmatic control
const { fitView, setViewport, getViewport, zoomTo } = useReactFlow();

// Fit to specific nodes
fitView({ nodes: [{ id: '1' }, { id: '2' }], duration: 500 });

// Set exact viewport
setViewport({ x: 100, y: 100, zoom: 1.5 }, { duration: 300 });

Connection Validation

const isValidConnection = useCallback((connection: Connection) => {
  // Prevent self-connections
  if (connection.source === connection.target) return false;

  // Custom validation logic
  const sourceNode = getNode(connection.source);
  const targetNode = getNode(connection.target);

  return sourceNode?.type !== targetNode?.type;
}, []);

<ReactFlow isValidConnection={isValidConnection} />

Common Props Reference

<ReactFlow
  // Core data
  nodes={nodes}
  edges={edges}
  onNodesChange={onNodesChange}
  onEdgesChange={onEdgesChange}

  // Custom types (define OUTSIDE component)
  nodeTypes={nodeTypes}
  edgeTypes={edgeTypes}

  // Connections
  onConnect={onConnect}
  connectionMode={ConnectionMode.Loose}  // Allow target-to-target
  isValidConnection={isValidConnection}

  // Viewport
  fitView
  minZoom={0.1}
  maxZoom={4}
  defaultViewport={{ x: 0, y: 0, zoom: 1 }}

  // Interaction
  nodesDraggable={true}
  nodesConnectable={true}
  elementsSelectable={true}
  panOnDrag={true}
  zoomOnScroll={true}

  // Additional components
  <MiniMap />
  <Controls />
  <Background variant={BackgroundVariant.Dots} />
</ReactFlow>

CSS Classes for Interaction

Class	Effect
nodrag	Prevent dragging when clicking element
nowheel	Prevent zoom on wheel events
nopan	Prevent panning from element
nokey	Prevent keyboard events (use on inputs)

Additional Components

See ADDITIONAL_COMPONENTS.md for MiniMap, Controls, Background, NodeToolbar, NodeResizer.