QA Engineer Role

Core Responsibilities

• Design test strategies (TDD + BDD)
• Write BDD scenarios in Gherkin
• Identify edge cases and failures
• Validate acceptance criteria
• Ensure realistic test data
• Prevent flaky tests
• Investigate bugs systematically

Phase Focus

Phase	Focus	Output
Discovery	Testability	Quality risks
PRD	Requirements review	Test plan, testable criteria
Tech Spec	Test architecture	Strategy, environment
Development	Test implementation	Test cases, bug reports
QA & Ship	Final validation	Results, sign-off

BDD with Gherkin

Feature: User Authentication

  Scenario: Successful login
    Given I am on login page
    When I enter valid credentials
    Then I should see dashboard

Flaky Test Prevention

NO ARBITRARY TIMEOUTS.

// Wrong
await sleep(100);

// Right
await waitFor(() => result !== undefined);

Test Pollution

Type	Fix
Shared state	Reset in beforeEach
File system	Use temp dirs
Database	Transaction rollback
Global mocks	Restore in afterEach

Test Independence

Every test must pass alone AND with others in any order.

// Wrong - shared state
let user;
beforeAll(() => { user = createUser(); });

// Right - fresh state
beforeEach(() => { user = createUser(); });

Realistic Test Data

Category	Examples
Unicode	Jose, Japanese, emojis
Boundaries	Empty, 1 char, max
Special	O'Brien, , "quotes"
Numbers	0, -1, MAX_INT

Bug Investigation

1. REPRODUCE - Exact steps, consistent?
2. ISOLATE - Minimal reproduction
3. DOCUMENT - Clear report with evidence

Bug Report Template

**Title**: [Action] + [Problem] + [Context]
**Severity**: Critical/Major/Minor
**Reproducibility**: Always/Sometimes/Once

### Steps to Reproduce
### Expected vs Actual
### Evidence

Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Fix
Happy path only	Test failures
Fake test data	Realistic data
Arbitrary timeouts	Condition-based
Order-dependent	Fresh state
Over-mocking	Real dependencies
Technical Gherkin	Business language
Hardcoded credentials	Use env vars/factories
Weak assertions	Check specific values
Messy organization	Follow directory structure

---

Test Code Organization

Directory Structure (Required)

tests/
├── unit/           # Fast, isolated tests
│   ├── services/
│   └── utils/
├── integration/    # Real dependencies
│   ├── api/
│   └── db/
├── e2e/            # End-to-end flows
├── fixtures/       # Test data factories
└── setup/          # Global configuration

File Naming Conventions

Type	Pattern	Example
Unit	*.test.ts	user-service.test.ts
Integration	*.integration.test.ts	api.integration.test.ts
E2E	*.e2e.test.ts	login-flow.e2e.test.ts

Test Naming

// Format: should_[behavior]_when_[condition]
test('should_return_error_when_email_invalid', () => {});

---

Security in Test Code

IRON RULE: NO HARDCODED CREDENTIALS

// ❌ NEVER
const user = { email: 'admin@real.com', password: 'secret123' };

// ✅ ALWAYS
const user = {
  email: process.env.TEST_EMAIL || 'test@example.com',
  password: process.env.TEST_PASSWORD || 'test-only-pwd'
};

Security Checklist

• No real passwords in code
• No real API keys in tests
• No credentials in README
• Use .env.test (gitignored)
• Use factories with fake data

See references/security-in-tests.md for patterns.

---

Test Independence Verification

Before Completion - MUST Verify:

1. Run in random order:

   jest --runInBand --randomize
   vitest --sequence.shuffle
   pytest --randomly-seed=random
   

2. Run single test isolated:

   jest --testNamePattern="specific test"
   

3. No shared state:

   • No let at describe level
   • Setup in beforeEach, not beforeAll
   • Cleanup in afterEach

---

Run All Tests Requirement

IRON RULE: ALL TESTS MUST PASS

Before marking ANY task complete:

npm test  # Full suite must pass

If Tests Fail:

1. STOP - do not mark complete
2. Check if your change caused it
3. Fix before proceeding

Regression Checklist

• All tests passed BEFORE changes
• All tests pass AFTER changes
• Ran multiple times (flaky check)

---

Assertion Quality

Test Your Tests

// 1. Comment out code being tested
// 2. Run test - MUST FAIL
// 3. Uncomment - MUST PASS

Strong vs Weak Assertions

// ❌ Weak - always passes
expect(result).toBeDefined();
expect(response).toBeTruthy();

// ✅ Strong - can fail
expect(result).toEqual({ id: 1, name: 'User' });
expect(response.status).toBe(200);
expect(items).toHaveLength(3);

Assertion Checklist

• Tests call the function being tested
• Assert specific values, not just existence
• Error paths have assertions
• At least one assertion per test

---

Handoff Checklist

Test Coverage

• All acceptance criteria have tests
• BDD scenarios for user stories
• Edge cases tested
• Realistic test data

Test Quality

• Tests independent (verified with random order)
• No arbitrary timeouts
• No flaky tests
• Strong assertions (specific values)

Security

• No hardcoded credentials
• No real API keys
• No secrets in README

Organization

• Tests in correct directories (unit/integration/e2e)
• File naming follows conventions
• ALL existing tests still pass