Apollo Enterprise RBAC

Overview

Implement role-based access control for Apollo.io integrations with granular permissions, team isolation, and audit trails.

Role Hierarchy

Super Admin
    |
    +-- Admin
    |     |
    |     +-- Sales Manager
    |     |       |
    |     |       +-- Sales Rep
    |     |
    |     +-- Marketing Manager
    |             |
    |             +-- Marketing User
    |
    +-- Read Only

Permission Definitions

// src/lib/rbac/permissions.ts
export const PERMISSIONS = {
  // Contact permissions
  'contacts:read': 'View contact information',
  'contacts:create': 'Add new contacts',
  'contacts:update': 'Edit contact information',
  'contacts:delete': 'Delete contacts',
  'contacts:export': 'Export contact data',
  'contacts:reveal_email': 'Reveal email addresses (uses credits)',

  // Search permissions
  'search:basic': 'Basic people search',
  'search:advanced': 'Advanced search filters',
  'search:bulk': 'Bulk search operations',

  // Enrichment permissions
  'enrich:person': 'Enrich individual contacts',
  'enrich:company': 'Enrich company data',
  'enrich:bulk': 'Bulk enrichment operations',

  // Sequence permissions
  'sequences:read': 'View sequences',
  'sequences:create': 'Create new sequences',
  'sequences:edit': 'Edit sequences',
  'sequences:delete': 'Delete sequences',
  'sequences:enroll': 'Add contacts to sequences',
  'sequences:send': 'Send emails through sequences',

  // Admin permissions
  'admin:users': 'Manage users',
  'admin:roles': 'Manage roles',
  'admin:settings': 'Configure settings',
  'admin:billing': 'View/manage billing',
  'admin:audit': 'View audit logs',
  'admin:api_keys': 'Manage API keys',
} as const;

export type Permission = keyof typeof PERMISSIONS;

Role Definitions

// src/lib/rbac/roles.ts
import { Permission } from './permissions';

interface Role {
  name: string;
  description: string;
  permissions: Permission[];
  inherits?: string[];
}

export const ROLES: Record<string, Role> = {
  super_admin: {
    name: 'Super Admin',
    description: 'Full system access',
    permissions: Object.keys(PERMISSIONS) as Permission[],
  },

  admin: {
    name: 'Admin',
    description: 'Administrative access without billing',
    permissions: [
      'contacts:read', 'contacts:create', 'contacts:update', 'contacts:delete', 'contacts:export',
      'search:basic', 'search:advanced', 'search:bulk',
      'enrich:person', 'enrich:company', 'enrich:bulk',
      'sequences:read', 'sequences:create', 'sequences:edit', 'sequences:delete', 'sequences:enroll', 'sequences:send',
      'admin:users', 'admin:roles', 'admin:settings', 'admin:audit',
    ],
  },

  sales_manager: {
    name: 'Sales Manager',
    description: 'Manage sales team and sequences',
    permissions: [
      'contacts:read', 'contacts:create', 'contacts:update', 'contacts:export', 'contacts:reveal_email',
      'search:basic', 'search:advanced',
      'enrich:person', 'enrich:company',
      'sequences:read', 'sequences:create', 'sequences:edit', 'sequences:enroll', 'sequences:send',
    ],
  },

  sales_rep: {
    name: 'Sales Representative',
    description: 'Basic sales access',
    permissions: [
      'contacts:read', 'contacts:create', 'contacts:update', 'contacts:reveal_email',
      'search:basic',
      'enrich:person',
      'sequences:read', 'sequences:enroll',
    ],
  },

  marketing_manager: {
    name: 'Marketing Manager',
    description: 'Manage marketing campaigns',
    permissions: [
      'contacts:read', 'contacts:export',
      'search:basic', 'search:advanced', 'search:bulk',
      'enrich:person', 'enrich:company', 'enrich:bulk',
      'sequences:read', 'sequences:create', 'sequences:edit',
    ],
  },

  marketing_user: {
    name: 'Marketing User',
    description: 'Basic marketing access',
    permissions: [
      'contacts:read',
      'search:basic',
      'sequences:read',
    ],
  },

  read_only: {
    name: 'Read Only',
    description: 'View-only access',
    permissions: [
      'contacts:read',
      'search:basic',
      'sequences:read',
    ],
  },
};

RBAC Service

// src/services/rbac/rbac.service.ts
import { User } from '../../models/user.model';
import { ROLES } from '../../lib/rbac/roles';
import { Permission } from '../../lib/rbac/permissions';

export class RBACService {
  async getUserPermissions(userId: string): Promise<Permission[]> {
    const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({
      where: { id: userId },
      include: {
        roles: true,
        customPermissions: true,
      },
    });

    if (!user) {
      return [];
    }

    const permissions = new Set<Permission>();

    // Add role permissions
    for (const role of user.roles) {
      const roleDef = ROLES[role.name];
      if (roleDef) {
        roleDef.permissions.forEach(p => permissions.add(p));
      }
    }

    // Add custom permissions
    user.customPermissions.forEach(p => {
      if (p.granted) {
        permissions.add(p.permission as Permission);
      } else {
        permissions.delete(p.permission as Permission);
      }
    });

    return Array.from(permissions);
  }

  async hasPermission(userId: string, permission: Permission): Promise<boolean> {
    const permissions = await this.getUserPermissions(userId);
    return permissions.includes(permission);
  }

  async hasAnyPermission(userId: string, permissions: Permission[]): Promise<boolean> {
    const userPermissions = await this.getUserPermissions(userId);
    return permissions.some(p => userPermissions.includes(p));
  }

  async hasAllPermissions(userId: string, permissions: Permission[]): Promise<boolean> {
    const userPermissions = await this.getUserPermissions(userId);
    return permissions.every(p => userPermissions.includes(p));
  }
}

export const rbac = new RBACService();

Permission Middleware

// src/middleware/rbac.middleware.ts
import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
import { rbac } from '../services/rbac/rbac.service';
import { Permission } from '../lib/rbac/permissions';

export function requirePermission(...permissions: Permission[]) {
  return async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
    const userId = req.user?.id;

    if (!userId) {
      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Authentication required' });
    }

    const hasPermission = await rbac.hasAnyPermission(userId, permissions);

    if (!hasPermission) {
      // Audit failed access attempt
      await auditLog.create({
        action: 'PERMISSION_DENIED',
        actor: userId,
        resource: req.path,
        metadata: { requiredPermissions: permissions },
      });

      return res.status(403).json({
        error: 'Permission denied',
        required: permissions,
      });
    }

    next();
  };
}

// Usage in routes
router.get('/contacts',
  requirePermission('contacts:read'),
  contactController.list
);

router.post('/contacts',
  requirePermission('contacts:create'),
  contactController.create
);

router.delete('/contacts/:id',
  requirePermission('contacts:delete'),
  contactController.delete
);

router.post('/search/bulk',
  requirePermission('search:bulk', 'search:advanced'),
  searchController.bulkSearch
);

Team-Based Access Control

// src/services/rbac/team-access.ts
export class TeamAccessService {
  async getAccessibleContacts(
    userId: string,
    teamId: string
  ): Promise<string[]> {
    // Check user's team membership
    const membership = await prisma.teamMember.findFirst({
      where: { userId, teamId },
      include: { team: true },
    });

    if (!membership) {
      return [];
    }

    // Build access scope
    const accessScope = await this.buildAccessScope(userId, membership);

    // Return contact IDs user can access
    const contacts = await prisma.contact.findMany({
      where: accessScope,
      select: { id: true },
    });

    return contacts.map(c => c.id);
  }

  private async buildAccessScope(
    userId: string,
    membership: TeamMembership
  ): Promise<any> {
    // Team admins can see all team contacts
    if (membership.role === 'admin' || membership.role === 'manager') {
      return { teamId: membership.teamId };
    }

    // Regular members see own contacts + shared
    return {
      OR: [
        { ownerId: userId },
        { sharedWith: { some: { userId } } },
        { teamId: membership.teamId, isPublic: true },
      ],
    };
  }
}

// Middleware for team-scoped access
export function requireTeamAccess(resourceType: string) {
  return async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
    const userId = req.user?.id;
    const resourceId = req.params.id;

    const hasAccess = await teamAccess.canAccessResource(
      userId,
      resourceType,
      resourceId
    );

    if (!hasAccess) {
      return res.status(403).json({
        error: 'You do not have access to this resource',
      });
    }

    next();
  };
}

API Key Scoping

// src/lib/rbac/api-key-scope.ts
interface ApiKeyScope {
  permissions: Permission[];
  rateLimit: number;
  ipAllowlist?: string[];
  expiresAt?: Date;
}

export async function createScopedApiKey(
  userId: string,
  scope: ApiKeyScope
): Promise<string> {
  // Validate user has the permissions they're granting
  const userPermissions = await rbac.getUserPermissions(userId);
  const invalidPermissions = scope.permissions.filter(
    p => !userPermissions.includes(p)
  );

  if (invalidPermissions.length > 0) {
    throw new Error(`Cannot grant permissions you don't have: ${invalidPermissions.join(', ')}`);
  }

  // Generate key
  const apiKey = generateSecureKey();

  // Store with scope
  await prisma.apiKey.create({
    data: {
      key: hashApiKey(apiKey),
      userId,
      permissions: scope.permissions,
      rateLimit: scope.rateLimit,
      ipAllowlist: scope.ipAllowlist,
      expiresAt: scope.expiresAt,
    },
  });

  return apiKey;
}

// Middleware to enforce API key scope
export function enforceApiKeyScope(requiredPermissions: Permission[]) {
  return async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
    const apiKey = req.headers['x-api-key'];

    if (!apiKey) {
      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'API key required' });
    }

    const keyRecord = await prisma.apiKey.findFirst({
      where: { key: hashApiKey(apiKey as string) },
    });

    if (!keyRecord) {
      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid API key' });
    }

    // Check expiration
    if (keyRecord.expiresAt && new Date() > keyRecord.expiresAt) {
      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'API key expired' });
    }

    // Check IP allowlist
    if (keyRecord.ipAllowlist?.length > 0) {
      const clientIp = req.ip;
      if (!keyRecord.ipAllowlist.includes(clientIp)) {
        return res.status(403).json({ error: 'IP not allowed' });
      }
    }

    // Check permissions
    const hasPermission = requiredPermissions.every(
      p => keyRecord.permissions.includes(p)
    );

    if (!hasPermission) {
      return res.status(403).json({
        error: 'API key lacks required permissions',
        required: requiredPermissions,
      });
    }

    next();
  };
}

Admin Dashboard

// src/routes/admin/rbac.ts
router.get('/users/:id/permissions',
  requirePermission('admin:users'),
  async (req, res) => {
    const permissions = await rbac.getUserPermissions(req.params.id);
    res.json({ permissions });
  }
);

router.post('/users/:id/roles',
  requirePermission('admin:roles'),
  async (req, res) => {
    const { roles } = req.body;
    await rbac.assignRoles(req.params.id, roles);
    res.json({ success: true });
  }
);

router.get('/audit/access-denied',
  requirePermission('admin:audit'),
  async (req, res) => {
    const logs = await prisma.auditLog.findMany({
      where: { action: 'PERMISSION_DENIED' },
      orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
      take: 100,
    });
    res.json({ logs });
  }
);

Output

• Role-based permission system
• Team-based access control
• API key scoping
• Permission middleware
• Admin dashboard endpoints

Error Handling

Issue	Resolution
Missing permissions	Request role upgrade
Team access denied	Check team membership
API key scope error	Regenerate with correct scope
Role conflict	Higher role takes precedence

Resources

• RBAC Best Practices
• OWASP Access Control
• Apollo Team Permissions

Next Steps

Proceed to apollo-migration-deep-dive for migration strategies.