PostHog Reference Architecture

Overview

Production architecture for product analytics with PostHog. Covers event tracking design, feature flag management, experimentation framework, and integration patterns for web and backend applications.

Prerequisites

PostHog project (Cloud or self-hosted)
posthog-js and posthog-node SDKs
Understanding of event-driven analytics
Feature flag strategy planned

Architecture Diagram

set -euo pipefail
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              Client Applications                      │
│  Web (posthog-js) │ Mobile (posthog-react-native)    │
└──────────┬────────────────────────────┬──────────────┘
           │                            │
           ▼                            ▼
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              PostHog Platform                         │
│  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐   │
│  │ Events    │  │ Feature   │  │ Experiments     │   │
│  │ & Props   │  │ Flags     │  │ (A/B tests)     │   │
│  └─────┬─────┘  └─────┬─────┘  └───────┬─────────┘   │
│        │              │                 │             │
│  ┌─────┴──────────────┴─────────────────┴───────┐     │
│  │         Analytics Engine                      │     │
│  │  Trends │ Funnels │ Retention │ Paths │ SQL  │     │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘     │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Backend (posthog-node)                               │
│  Server Events │ Flag Evaluation │ Group Analytics   │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Instructions

Step 1: Event Taxonomy Design

// events.ts - Define your event taxonomy
export const EVENTS = {
  // User lifecycle
  USER_SIGNED_UP: 'user_signed_up',
  USER_LOGGED_IN: 'user_logged_in',
  USER_ONBOARDING_COMPLETED: 'user_onboarding_completed',

  // Core product actions
  FEATURE_USED: 'feature_used',
  ITEM_CREATED: 'item_created',
  ITEM_SHARED: 'item_shared',
  EXPORT_COMPLETED: 'export_completed',

  // Revenue
  SUBSCRIPTION_STARTED: 'subscription_started',
  SUBSCRIPTION_UPGRADED: 'subscription_upgraded',
  SUBSCRIPTION_CANCELED: 'subscription_canceled',
} as const;

// Standard properties for consistency
interface EventProperties {
  feature_name?: string;
  source?: 'web' | 'mobile' | 'api';
  plan_tier?: 'free' | 'pro' | 'enterprise';
  duration_ms?: number;
}

Step 2: Client-Side Integration

import posthog from 'posthog-js';

posthog.init(process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_POSTHOG_KEY!, {
  api_host: 'https://us.i.posthog.com',
  capture_pageview: true,
  capture_pageleave: true,
  autocapture: true,
  persistence: 'localStorage+cookie',
  loaded: (ph) => {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
      ph.opt_out_capturing(); // Disable in dev
    }
  },
});

// Identify users
function identifyUser(userId: string, traits: Record<string, any>) {
  posthog.identify(userId, {
    email: traits.email,
    plan: traits.plan,
    company: traits.company,
  });

  // Set group for company-level analytics
  if (traits.companyId) {
    posthog.group('company', traits.companyId, {
      name: traits.company,
      plan: traits.plan,
    });
  }
}

Step 3: Feature Flag Architecture

// flags.ts - Feature flag definitions
export const FLAGS = {
  NEW_DASHBOARD: 'new-dashboard-v2',
  AI_FEATURES: 'ai-features-beta',
  PRICING_EXPERIMENT: 'pricing-page-experiment',
} as const;

// React hook for feature flags
function useFeatureFlag(flagKey: string) {
  const [enabled, setEnabled] = useState(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    posthog.onFeatureFlags(() => {
      setEnabled(posthog.isFeatureEnabled(flagKey) ?? false);
    });
  }, [flagKey]);

  return enabled;
}

// Server-side flag evaluation
import { PostHog } from 'posthog-node';
const serverPosthog = new PostHog(process.env.POSTHOG_API_KEY!);

async function getServerFlags(userId: string) {
  return serverPosthog.getAllFlags(userId);
}

Step 4: Experiment Tracking

function trackExperiment(experimentKey: string, userId: string) {
  const variant = posthog.getFeatureFlag(experimentKey);

  posthog.capture('$experiment_started', {
    $experiment_name: experimentKey,
    $experiment_variant: variant,
  });

  return variant;
}

Error Handling

Issue	Cause	Solution
Events not appearing	SDK not initialized	Check init call and API key
Flag always false	Not loaded yet	Use `onFeatureFlags` callback
Missing user properties	Not identified	Call `identify` before capture
High event volume	Autocapture too broad	Configure autocapture selectively

Examples

Funnel Tracking Setup

// Track a conversion funnel
posthog.capture(EVENTS.ITEM_CREATED, { source: 'web' });
posthog.capture(EVENTS.ITEM_SHARED, { share_method: 'link' });
posthog.capture(EVENTS.EXPORT_COMPLETED, { format: 'pdf' });

Resources

Output

Configuration files or code changes applied to the project
Validation report confirming correct implementation
Summary of changes made and their rationale

posthog-reference-architecture