Skills
skills/jpfielding/claude.pnge/netl-carbon-storage

netl-carbon-storage

SKILL.md

NETL Carbon Storage Atlas Skill

Queries DOE/NETL Carbon Storage Atlas datasets, ScienceBase geochemical items, and the EDX carbon storage data catalog to retrieve U.S. CO2 storage capacity estimates, active CCS project data, and Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) results.

Credential Handling

NETL EDX queries require an API key. ScienceBase queries are public and need no key.

Resolution order (stop at first success):

  1. ~/.config/netl-edx/credentials — parse api_key=<value> from this file
  2. NETL_EDX_API_KEY env var — fallback if credentials file is absent
  3. Skip EDX, use ScienceBase only — if neither is set, most data is still accessible via ScienceBase

Reading the credentials file (bash):

EDX_KEY=$(grep '^api_key=' ~/.config/netl-edx/credentials 2>/dev/null | cut -d= -f2)
[ -z "$EDX_KEY" ] && EDX_KEY="${NETL_EDX_API_KEY}"
if [ -z "$EDX_KEY" ]; then
    echo "No NETL EDX key found. Falling back to ScienceBase queries (no key required)."
    echo "To access EDX datasets, sign up free at https://edx.netl.doe.gov/"
    echo "Store your key in ~/.config/netl-edx/credentials as api_key=YOUR_KEY"
fi

Reading the credentials file (Go):

func resolveEDXKey() (string, error) {
    home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
    creds := filepath.Join(home, ".config", "netl-edx", "credentials")
    if data, err := os.ReadFile(creds); err == nil {
        for _, line := range strings.Split(string(data), "\n") {
            if strings.HasPrefix(line, "api_key=") {
                return strings.TrimPrefix(line, "api_key="), nil
            }
        }
    }
    if key := os.Getenv("NETL_EDX_API_KEY"); key != "" {
        return key, nil
    }
    return "", fmt.Errorf("no NETL EDX key; using ScienceBase fallback")
}

API Structure

Primary: ScienceBase Catalog (no key required)

Base URL: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/

The Carbon Storage Atlas V is hosted on ScienceBase. Retrieve item metadata and file download links using the catalog API.

# Get the Carbon Storage Atlas V main item with file list
curl -s "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b89436fe4b0702d0e808ba7?format=json&fields=title,summary,files,webLinks"

# Search for carbon storage capacity datasets
curl -s "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/items?q=carbon+storage+capacity&format=json&fields=title,summary,files&max=10"

# Search focused on Appalachian basin
curl -s "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/items?q=carbon+storage+Appalachian+saline&format=json&fields=title,summary,files,webLinks&max=10"

# Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership data
curl -s "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/items?q=RCSP+carbon+sequestration+partnership&format=json&fields=title,summary,files&max=10"

Key ScienceBase item IDs:

Item ScienceBase ID
Carbon Storage Atlas V (main) 5b89436fe4b0702d0e808ba7
World Minerals Outlook 2029 67b8b168d34e1a2e835b7e6c

ScienceBase item JSON structure:

{
  "id": "5b89436fe4b0702d0e808ba7",
  "title": "National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NATCARB) Atlas Version V",
  "summary": "...",
  "files": [
    { "name": "AtlasV_Chapter2_Saline.pdf", "url": "https://...", "size": 12345678 }
  ],
  "webLinks": [
    { "title": "Data download", "uri": "https://..." }
  ]
}

Secondary: NETL EDX CKAN API (API key required)

Base URL: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/api/3/action/

# Search EDX for carbon storage datasets
curl -s "https://edx.netl.doe.gov/api/3/action/package_search?q=carbon+storage+saline+aquifer&rows=10" \
  -H "EDX-API-Key: $NETL_EDX_API_KEY"

# Search for CCS project data
curl -s "https://edx.netl.doe.gov/api/3/action/package_search?q=CCS+project+CO2+injection&rows=10" \
  -H "EDX-API-Key: $NETL_EDX_API_KEY"

# Get specific dataset details by ID
curl -s "https://edx.netl.doe.gov/api/3/action/package_show?id=DATASET_ID" \
  -H "EDX-API-Key: $NETL_EDX_API_KEY"

# Search resources (files) by name
curl -s "https://edx.netl.doe.gov/api/3/action/resource_search?query=name:carbon+storage+capacity" \
  -H "EDX-API-Key: $NETL_EDX_API_KEY"

NATCARB Atlas Reference Data

The NETL NATCARB Atlas V (2015) provides the canonical U.S. storage capacity estimates. Key figures by reservoir type:

Estimated U.S. CO2 Storage Capacity (Atlas V):

Reservoir Type Capacity (GtCO2) Notes
Saline aquifers (total) 2,379–21,633 P10–P90 range
Saline aquifers (best estimate) ~8,000 P50
Oil and gas reservoirs ~208 Depleted + EOR
Unmineable coal seams ~54–113 P10–P90
Total (best estimate) ~8,000+ Saline dominates

Appalachian Basin specifically:

State Primary Formation Estimated Capacity Notes
WV Oriskany Sandstone Moderate (saline) MRCSP target
WV Rose Run Sandstone Moderate Deep saline
PA Oriskany Moderate Under study
OH Mount Simon Large Saline aquifer
KY Multiple Moderate MRCSP studies

See references/api_reference.md for capacity unit conversions and regional breakdown tables.

Workflow

Step 1 — Resolve Intent

Map the user query to a data type:

  • "Storage capacity" → ScienceBase Atlas V data
  • "Active CCS project" → EDX project datasets or NATCARB facility list
  • "Class VI injection wells" → EPA UIC (see epa-enviro skill for UIC_WELL table)
  • "Appalachian basin" → MRCSP partnership data (search "MRCSP" in ScienceBase)
  • "Saline aquifer" → Chapter 2 of Atlas V
  • "Depleted reservoir" → Chapter 3 of Atlas V

Step 2 — Fetch Metadata

# Discover available files in the Atlas V item
curl -s "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b89436fe4b0702d0e808ba7?format=json&fields=title,summary,files" \
  | jq '.files[] | {name: .name, url: .url, size: .size}'

Identify which chapter PDFs or data files are relevant to the user's question.

Step 3 — Fetch Data

For specific basin data, search by region name:

curl -s "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/items?q=MRCSP+carbon+storage+Appalachian&format=json&fields=title,summary,webLinks&max=10" \
  | jq '.items[] | {title: .title, summary: .summary}'

For EDX project data (if key available):

curl -s "https://edx.netl.doe.gov/api/3/action/package_search?q=CCS+injection+Appalachian&rows=5" \
  -H "EDX-API-Key: $NETL_EDX_API_KEY" \
  | jq '.result.results[] | {title: .title, notes: .notes, resources: (.resources | length)}'

Step 4 — Parse Response

ScienceBase returns JSON with items array. Each item has title, summary, files[], and webLinks[]. Extract relevant fields:

curl -s "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/items?q=carbon+storage+saline&format=json&max=5" \
  | jq '.items[] | {
      title: .title,
      summary: (.summary // "no summary"),
      files: [.files[]? | {name: .name, url: .url}]
    }'

EDX CKAN returns result.results array with standard CKAN package metadata.

Step 5 — Produce Output

For capacity queries: Table format + narrative For project queries: Project list table + narrative

Output Format

Storage Capacity Query Output

## U.S. CO2 Geological Storage Capacity — [Region/Basin]

| State / Formation | Type | Capacity Low (GtCO2) | Capacity High (GtCO2) | Confidence | Source |
|-------------------|------|---------------------|-----------------------|------------|--------|
| WV / Oriskany Fm  | Saline | 0.5 | 4.2 | Moderate | NATCARB Atlas V |
| ...               | ...  | ... | ... | ...        | ...    |

**Summary:** [narrative covering current best estimates, confidence range,
key uncertainty factors, and relevance to CCUS deployment]

**Data Note:** Capacity estimates from NETL Atlas V (2015). Values represent
theoretical pore space, not economic or accessible capacity. Injectivity and
regulatory constraints will reduce realizable capacity.

CCS Project Query Output

## Active/Planned CCS Projects — [Region]

| Project Name | Type | State | Operator | Status | Annual CO2 (Mt/yr) | Source |
|--------------|------|-------|----------|--------|--------------------|--------|
| ...          | ...  | ...   | ...      | ...    | ...                | ...    |

**Summary:** [narrative on project status, DOE funding context, and injection targets]

Error Handling

Condition Meaning Action
ScienceBase returns HTML CDN routing issue Retry with ?format=json explicit in URL
EDX returns {"success": false} Auth or bad parameter Check API key header name; try X-CKAN-API-Key or Authorization
EDX returns empty results list No matching packages Broaden search; try single keyword like "carbon" or "CO2"
ScienceBase items array empty No matching items Try shorter search term; check spelling of formation names
Capacity values in Mt instead of Gt Unit mismatch Convert: 1 Gt = 1,000 Mt = 1e9 metric tonnes CO2
File URL returns 403 Restricted file Note restriction; link to ScienceBase item page instead

Unit Conversion Reference

Unit Equals
1 Gt CO2 1 × 10^9 metric tonnes CO2
1 Gt CO2 1,000 Mt CO2
1 Mt CO2 1 × 10^6 metric tonnes CO2
1 Mt CO2 1,000 kt CO2
1 tonne CO2 44/12 = 3.67 tonnes CO2 per tonne C

Annual U.S. CO2 emissions context: ~5 Gt CO2/year (2023). The 8,000 GtCO2 saline aquifer estimate represents ~1,600 years of current U.S. emissions.

Caveats and Data Limitations

  • Atlas V is from 2015. Site-specific feasibility studies may update these estimates significantly. Check EDX for post-2015 characterization data.
  • Capacity ≠ injectivity. High estimated pore volume does not guarantee injectability — permeability, pressure, and brine chemistry matter.
  • Class VI permitting is handled by EPA (primary) or state programs (Louisiana, North Dakota, Wyoming, Montana). Use epa-enviro skill for UIC well locations.
  • MRCSP (Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership) covers the Appalachian basin. Their final reports are on ScienceBase and EDX.
  • Offshore saline aquifer capacity is not included in the Atlas V state totals.
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