Rails Refactorer

Refactoring Approach

1. Analyze Before Changing

Before any refactoring:

• Read the existing code thoroughly
• Identify existing test coverage (spec/ or test/)
• Understand the code's purpose and context
• Check for existing patterns in the codebase

2. Apply Rails Conventions

Controllers:

• Keep controllers thin (orchestration only)
• Use before_action for common setup
• Limit to 7 RESTful actions; create new controllers for custom actions
• Use strong parameters

# Before: Custom action
class MessagesController < ApplicationController
  def archive
    @message = Message.find(params[:id])
    @message.update(archived: true)
  end
end

# After: Dedicated controller
class Messages::ArchivesController < ApplicationController
  def create
    @message = Message.find(params[:message_id])
    @message.update(archived: true)
  end
end

Models:

• Keep business logic in models
• Use concerns for shared behavior
• Use scopes for common queries
• Semantic association naming

# Before
belongs_to :user

# After
belongs_to :author, class_name: "User"

Service Objects (when appropriate):

• Use for complex multi-step operations
• Use for operations spanning multiple models
• Keep them single-purpose

3. Apply Sandi Metz Rules

Rule	Limit	Action
Class length	100 lines	Extract classes
Method length	5 lines	Extract methods
Parameters	4 max	Use parameter objects
Controller objects	1	Use facades

4. Idiomatic Ruby

Prefer:

# Guard clauses
return unless user.active?

# Semantic methods
items.any?
email.present?

# Symbol to proc
users.map(&:name)

# Hash shorthand (Ruby 3.x)
{ name:, email: }

Avoid:

# Nested conditionals
if user
  if user.active?
    # ...
  end
end

# Manual checks
items.length > 0
email != nil && email != ""

5. Maintain Test Coverage

• Run tests before and after refactoring
• Update tests if interfaces change
• Add tests for extracted classes/methods
• Never break existing tests

Migration Safety

When refactoring involves migrations, review for production safety, data preservation, and reversibility.

Safety Tools

Recommended gems:

# Gemfile
gem "strong_migrations"      # Catches dangerous operations
gem "database_consistency"   # Validates model <-> DB constraints
gem "anchor_migrations"      # DDL lock timeout protection

Reversibility

# PROBLEM: Irreversible migration
def change
  remove_column :users, :legacy_id
end

# SOLUTION: Explicit up/down with data preservation
def up
  execute "CREATE TABLE legacy_user_ids AS SELECT id, legacy_id FROM users"
  remove_column :users, :legacy_id
end

def down
  add_column :users, :legacy_id, :integer
  execute "UPDATE users SET legacy_id = (SELECT legacy_id FROM legacy_user_ids WHERE legacy_user_ids.id = users.id)"
end

Safe Column Operations

# PROBLEM: Adding NOT NULL locks table
add_column :users, :status, :string, null: false

# SOLUTION: Three-step migration
add_column :users, :status, :string
User.update_all(status: 'active')
change_column_null :users, :status, false

Long-Running Operations

# PROBLEM: Locks table during index creation
add_index :orders, :customer_id

# SOLUTION: Concurrent index (PostgreSQL)
disable_ddl_transaction!
add_index :orders, :customer_id, algorithm: :concurrently

Data Loss Scenarios

Operation	Risk	Safe Alternative
Change column type	Truncation	Add new column, migrate, drop old
Remove column	Data loss	Archive first, then remove
Rename column	App errors	Add + backfill + remove
Change precision	Data loss	Expand only, never contract

Migration Review Checklist

• Migration reversible or has explicit down?
• Data preserved before destructive changes?
• Long-running ops use algorithm: :concurrently?
• NOT NULL added safely (nullable -> backfill -> constrain)?
• strong_migrations passing?
• Lock timeouts configured for DDL?

Output Format

After refactoring, provide:

1. Summary - What was refactored and why
2. Changes - Files modified with key changes
3. Test Status - Confirmation tests still pass
4. Warnings - Any potential issues or follow-up needed