REST API Patterns

This skill covers the patterns and utilities for implementing REST API wrapper functions in Semantic Link Labs.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when you need to:

• Implement new REST API wrappers
• Understand the _base_api helper function
• Handle pagination, long-running operations, or errors
• Debug API-related issues

---

Finding API Documentation

Before implementing a wrapper, use the API search tool to find the relevant documentation:

Using search_public_api_doc.py

# Navigate to the scripts directory
cd .claude/skills/rest-api-patterns/scripts

# Search both Fabric and Power BI APIs
python search_public_api_doc.py "dataset refresh"

# Search Fabric APIs only
python search_public_api_doc.py "create item" --source fabric

# Search Power BI APIs only
python search_public_api_doc.py "gateway" --source powerbi

# Limit results
python search_public_api_doc.py "workspace" --limit 10

Example Output

🔍 Searching for: 'dataset refresh' in Fabric + Power BI
================================================================================
📥 Fetching Microsoft Fabric TOC...
   ✅ Loaded 15 top-level categories from Microsoft Fabric
📥 Fetching Power BI TOC...
   ✅ Loaded 20 top-level categories from Power BI

Found 5 results:

1. [POWERBI] Datasets - Refresh Dataset In Group (score: 95.0)
   URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/power-bi/datasets/refresh-dataset-in-group
   Path: Datasets > Refresh Dataset In Group

2. [POWERBI] Datasets - Get Refresh History In Group (score: 90.0)
   URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/power-bi/datasets/get-refresh-history-in-group
   Path: Datasets > Get Refresh History In Group

Requirements

The script requires rapidfuzz and requests:

pip install rapidfuzz requests

API Documentation References

API	Base URL	Documentation
Fabric REST API	https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/	Fabric REST API
Power BI REST API	https://api.powerbi.com/v1.0/myorg/	Power BI REST API

---

API Client Architecture

Semantic Link Labs uses sempy.fabric.FabricRestClient as the underlying HTTP client, wrapped by the _base_api helper function.

Key Components

Component	Purpose
_base_api	Main helper for all API calls
FabricRestClient	HTTP client from sempy
pagination	Handles paginated responses
lro	Handles long-running operations

---

The _base_api Function

Located in src/sempy_labs/_helper_functions.py, this is the standard way to make API calls.

Function Signature

def _base_api(
    request: str,                      # API endpoint path
    client: str = "fabric",            # Client type
    method: str = "get",               # HTTP method
    payload: Optional[str] = None,     # Request body
    status_codes: Optional[int] = 200, # Expected status codes
    uses_pagination: bool = False,     # Enable pagination
    lro_return_json: bool = False,     # Wait for LRO, return JSON
    lro_return_status_code: bool = False,  # Wait for LRO, return status
    lro_return_df: bool = False,       # Wait for LRO, return DataFrame
):

Client Types

Client	Use Case	Authentication
fabric	Standard Fabric API	Default notebook credentials
fabric_sp	Fabric API with SP support	Service Principal or default
azure	Azure Resource Manager	Service Principal
graph	Microsoft Graph	Service Principal
onelake	OneLake storage	Storage token

Return Types

The _base_api function returns different types depending on the parameters used:

Parameters	Return Type	How to Access Data
Default (no special flags)	Response object	Call .json() to get dict
uses_pagination=True	list[dict]	Iterate over list, each item has .get("value", [])
lro_return_json=True	dict	Access directly, already parsed JSON
lro_return_status_code=True	int	HTTP status code
lro_return_df=True	DataFrame	Use directly

⚠️ COMMON MISTAKE: Forgetting to call .json() on the response for simple GET requests.

# ❌ WRONG - response is a Response object, not a dict
response = _base_api(request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}")
name = response.get("displayName")  # AttributeError: 'Response' object has no attribute 'get'

# ✅ CORRECT - call .json() to get the dict
response = _base_api(request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}").json()
name = response.get("displayName")  # Works!

---

Common API Patterns

Simple GET Request

from sempy_labs._helper_functions import _base_api

response = _base_api(
    request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items",
    client="fabric_sp",
)

data = response.json()

POST Request with Payload

payload = {
    "displayName": name,
    "description": description,
}

response = _base_api(
    request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items",
    method="post",
    payload=payload,
    status_codes=[201, 202],
    client="fabric_sp",
)

DELETE Request

_base_api(
    request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}",
    method="delete",
    client="fabric_sp",
)

PATCH Request

payload = {
    "displayName": new_name,
}

_base_api(
    request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}",
    method="patch",
    payload=payload,
    client="fabric_sp",
)

---

Handling Pagination

For APIs that return paginated results:

from sempy_labs._helper_functions import _base_api, _create_dataframe

columns = {
    "Id": "string",
    "Name": "string",
}
df = _create_dataframe(columns=columns)

# Get all pages
responses = _base_api(
    request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items",
    uses_pagination=True,
    client="fabric_sp",
)

# Process all responses
rows = []
for r in responses:
    for item in r.get("value", []):
        rows.append({
            "Id": item.get("id"),
            "Name": item.get("displayName"),
        })

if rows:
    df = pd.DataFrame(rows)

return df

---

Handling Long-Running Operations (LRO)

Some APIs return 202 Accepted and require polling for completion.

Return JSON When Complete

result = _base_api(
    request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}/getDefinition",
    method="post",
    lro_return_json=True,
    client="fabric_sp",
)

# Result contains the final JSON response
definition = result.get("definition")

Return Status Code

status = _base_api(
    request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items",
    method="post",
    payload=payload,
    lro_return_status_code=True,
    client="fabric_sp",
)

# status is the final HTTP status code
if status == 200:
    print("Operation completed successfully")

---

Error Handling

Expected Status Codes

Specify expected status codes to avoid exceptions:

# Accept 200, 201, or 202 as success
response = _base_api(
    request=url,
    method="post",
    payload=payload,
    status_codes=[200, 201, 202],
    client="fabric_sp",
)

FabricHTTPException

When status code doesn't match, FabricHTTPException is raised:

from sempy.fabric.exceptions import FabricHTTPException

try:
    response = _base_api(
        request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}",
        client="fabric_sp",
    )
except FabricHTTPException as e:
    if e.response.status_code == 404:
        print(f"Item not found")
    else:
        raise

---

Building URLs with Parameters

Use the _build_url helper for query parameters:

from sempy_labs._helper_functions import _build_url

url = "/v1/admin/workspaces"
params = {
    "capacityId": capacity_id,
    "state": "Active",
}

url = _build_url(url, params)
# Result: "/v1/admin/workspaces?capacityId=xxx&state=Active"

responses = _base_api(
    request=url,
    uses_pagination=True,
    client="fabric_sp",
)

---

API Endpoint Patterns

Fabric Core API

# List items in workspace
f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items"

# Get specific item
f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}"

# Item operations
f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}/getDefinition"
f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items/{item_id}/updateDefinition"

Fabric Admin API

# Admin workspaces
"/v1/admin/workspaces"

# Admin items
"/v1/admin/items"

# Capacities
"/v1/admin/capacities"

Power BI REST API

# Groups (workspaces)
f"/v1.0/myorg/groups/{workspace_id}/..."

# Datasets
f"/v1.0/myorg/groups/{workspace_id}/datasets/{dataset_id}/..."

# Reports
f"/v1.0/myorg/groups/{workspace_id}/reports/{report_id}/..."

Azure Resource Manager

# Fabric capacities
f"https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/providers/Microsoft.Fabric/capacities"

# Resource groups
f"https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/resourceGroups/{resource_group}"

---

Authentication Headers

For non-Fabric clients (Azure, Graph), use _get_headers:

from sempy_labs._authentication import _get_headers
import sempy_labs._authentication as auth

headers = _get_headers(auth.token_provider.get(), audience="azure")

response = requests.get(
    url,
    headers=headers,
)

---

Creating Result DataFrames

Use _create_dataframe for consistent empty DataFrames:

from sempy_labs._helper_functions import _create_dataframe

columns = {
    "Id": "string",
    "Name": "string",
    "Type": "string",
    "Created Date": "datetime",
    "Size": "int",
}

df = _create_dataframe(columns=columns)

Updating DataFrame Types

from sempy_labs._helper_functions import _update_dataframe_datatypes

column_map = {
    "Created Date": "datetime",
    "Size": "int",
    "Is Active": "bool",
}

_update_dataframe_datatypes(df, column_map)

---

Complete Example

from sempy._utils._log import log
from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
    resolve_workspace_name_and_id,
    _base_api,
    _create_dataframe,
    _build_url,
)
import sempy_labs._icons as icons
from typing import Optional
from uuid import UUID
import pandas as pd


@log
def list_my_items(
    item_type: Optional[str] = None,
    workspace: Optional[str | UUID] = None,
) -> pd.DataFrame:
    """
    Lists items in a workspace.

    This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Items - List Items <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/core/items/list-items>`_.

    Service Principal Authentication is supported.

    Parameters
    ----------
    item_type : str, default=None
        Filter by item type.
    workspace : str | uuid.UUID, default=None
        The Fabric workspace name or ID.
        Defaults to None which resolves to the workspace of the attached lakehouse.

    Returns
    -------
    pandas.DataFrame
        A pandas dataframe showing items in the workspace.
    """

    (workspace_name, workspace_id) = resolve_workspace_name_and_id(workspace)

    columns = {
        "Id": "string",
        "Name": "string",
        "Type": "string",
    }
    df = _create_dataframe(columns=columns)

    url = f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/items"
    params = {}
    if item_type:
        params["type"] = item_type
    if params:
        url = _build_url(url, params)

    responses = _base_api(
        request=url,
        uses_pagination=True,
        client="fabric_sp",
    )

    rows = []
    for r in responses:
        for item in r.get("value", []):
            rows.append({
                "Id": item.get("id"),
                "Name": item.get("displayName"),
                "Type": item.get("type"),
            })

    if rows:
        df = pd.DataFrame(rows)

    return df

---

Debugging API Calls

Print Response Details

response = _base_api(
    request=url,
    client="fabric_sp",
)

print(f"Status: {response.status_code}")
print(f"Headers: {response.headers}")
print(f"Body: {response.json()}")

Check Request Being Made

Add temporary debug prints:

print(f"Making request to: {url}")
print(f"Payload: {payload}")

---

API Documentation References

API	Documentation
Fabric Core	https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/core/
Fabric Admin	https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/admin/
Power BI	https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/power-bi/
Azure Fabric	https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/microsoftfabric/
Graph	https://learn.microsoft.com/graph/api/overview