expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalled(); expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledWith("arg1", "arg2"); });


### jest.fn() Compatibility

```typescript
import { test, expect, jest } from "bun:test";

const fn = jest.fn(() => "value");

test("jest.fn works", () => {
  const result = fn();
  expect(result).toBe("value");
  expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalled();
});

Mock Return Values

const fn = mock();

// Return value once
fn.mockReturnValueOnce("first");
fn.mockReturnValueOnce("second");

// Permanent return value
fn.mockReturnValue("default");

// Promise returns
fn.mockResolvedValue("resolved");
fn.mockResolvedValueOnce("once");
fn.mockRejectedValue(new Error("fail"));
fn.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("once"));

Mock Implementations

const fn = mock();

// Set implementation
fn.mockImplementation((x) => x * 2);

// One-time implementation
fn.mockImplementationOnce((x) => x * 10);

// Chain implementations
fn
  .mockImplementationOnce(() => "first")
  .mockImplementationOnce(() => "second")
  .mockImplementation(() => "default");

Spy on Methods

import { test, expect, spyOn } from "bun:test";

const obj = {
  method: () => "original",
};

test("spy on method", () => {
  const spy = spyOn(obj, "method");

  obj.method();

  expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled();
  expect(obj.method()).toBe("original"); // Still works

  // Override implementation
  spy.mockImplementation(() => "mocked");
  expect(obj.method()).toBe("mocked");

  // Restore
  spy.mockRestore();
  expect(obj.method()).toBe("original");
});

Mock Modules

import { test, expect, mock } from "bun:test";

// Mock entire module
mock.module("./utils", () => ({
  add: mock(() => 999),
  subtract: mock(() => 0),
}));

// Now imports use mocked version
import { add } from "./utils";

test("mocked module", () => {
  expect(add(1, 2)).toBe(999);
});

Mock Node Modules

mock.module("axios", () => ({
  default: {
    get: mock(() => Promise.resolve({ data: "mocked" })),
    post: mock(() => Promise.resolve({ data: "created" })),
  },
}));

Mock with Factory

mock.module("./config", () => {
  return {
    API_URL: "http://test.local",
    DEBUG: true,
  };
});

Mock Assertions

const fn = mock();

fn("a", "b");
fn("c", "d");

// Call count
expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);

// Call arguments
expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledWith("a", "b");
expect(fn).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("c", "d");
expect(fn).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, "a", "b");

// Return values
fn.mockReturnValue("result");
fn();
expect(fn).toHaveReturned();
expect(fn).toHaveReturnedWith("result");
expect(fn).toHaveReturnedTimes(1);

Mock Properties

const fn = mock(() => "value");

fn("arg1");
fn("arg2");

// Access call info
fn.mock.calls;        // [["arg1"], ["arg2"]]
fn.mock.results;      // [{ type: "return", value: "value" }, ...]
fn.mock.lastCall;     // ["arg2"]

// Clear history
fn.mockClear();       // Clear calls, keep implementation
fn.mockReset();       // Clear calls + implementation
fn.mockRestore();     // Restore original (for spies)

Common Patterns

Mock Fetch

import { test, expect, spyOn } from "bun:test";

test("mock fetch", async () => {
  const spy = spyOn(global, "fetch").mockResolvedValue(
    new Response(JSON.stringify({ data: "mocked" }))
  );

  const response = await fetch("/api/data");
  const json = await response.json();

  expect(json.data).toBe("mocked");
  expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/api/data");

  spy.mockRestore();
});

Mock Console

test("mock console", () => {
  const spy = spyOn(console, "log");

  console.log("test message");

  expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("test message");
  spy.mockRestore();
});

Mock Class Methods

class UserService {
  async getUser(id: string) {
    // Real implementation
  }
}

test("mock class method", () => {
  const service = new UserService();
  const spy = spyOn(service, "getUser").mockResolvedValue({
    id: "1",
    name: "Test User",
  });

  const user = await service.getUser("1");

  expect(user.name).toBe("Test User");
  expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("1");
});

Common Errors

Error	Cause	Fix
`Cannot spy on undefined`	Property doesn't exist	Check property name
`Not a function`	Trying to mock non-function	Use correct mock approach
`Already mocked`	Double mocking	Use mockRestore first
`Module not found`	Wrong module path	Check path in mock.module

When to Load References

Load references/mock-api.md when:

Complete mock/spy API reference
Advanced mocking patterns

Load references/module-mocking.md when:

Complex module mocking
Hoisting behavior details

bun-test-mocking

Bun Test Mocking

Mock Functions