Genre: Sports

Available Scripts

sports_ball_physics.gd

Expert ball physics with drag, magnus effect (curve), and proper bounce handling.

Core Loop

1. Possession: Player or AI controls the ball/puck
2. Maneuver: Player avoids opponents (dribble, pass)
3. Strike: Player attempts to score (shoot, dunk)
4. Defend: Opposing team tries to steal or block
5. Score: Points determine winner after time

NEVER Do in Sports Games

• NEVER parent ball to player transform — Ball must be physics-based, not child node. Parenting = magnetic stick feel, unrealistic. Use apply_central_impulse() for dribble touches.
• NEVER make all AI chase the ball — Kindergarten soccer problem. Use formation slots: only 1-2 players press ball, others cover space/mark opponents.
• NEVER use perfect instant goalkeeper reflexes — Add reaction time delay (0.2-0.5s) and error rate based on shot speed. Instant = unfair, frustrating.
• NEVER ignore animation root motion for player movement — Sports need realistic momentum/turning. Teleporting to animation end position breaks feel. Use AnimationTree root motion.
• NEVER use single collision shape for player body — Head, torso, legs need separate hitboxes for realistic ball contact (headers vs foot shots).
• NEVER allow ball to clip through goalposts — Use Continuous CD (continuous_cd) for fast-moving ball. Standard discrete physics = tunneling at high speeds.

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Skill Chain

Phase	Skills	Purpose
1. Physics	physics-bodies, vehicle-wheel-3d	Ball bounce, friction, player collisions
2. AI	steering-behaviors, state-machine-advanced	Formations, marking, flocking
3. Anim	animation-tree-mastery	Blended running, shooting, tackling
4. Input	input-mapping	Contextual buttons (Pass/Tackle share button)
5. Camera	camera-systems	Dynamic broadcast view, zooming on action

Architecture Overview

1. The Ball (Physics Core)

The most important object. Must feel right.

# ball.gd
extends RigidBody3D

@export var drag_coefficient: float = 0.5
@export var magnus_effect_strength: float = 2.0

func _integrate_forces(state: PhysicsDirectBodyState3D) -> void:
    # Apply Air Drag
    var velocity = state.linear_velocity
    var speed = velocity.length()
    var drag_force = -velocity.normalized() * (drag_coefficient * speed * speed)
    state.apply_central_force(drag_force)
    
    # Magnus Effect (Curve)
    var spin = state.angular_velocity
    var magnus_force = spin.cross(velocity) * magnus_effect_strength
    state.apply_central_force(magnus_force)

2. Team AI (Formations)

AI players don't just run at the ball. They run to positions relative to the ball/field.

# team_manager.gd
extends Node

enum Strategy { ATTACK, DEFEND }
var current_strategy: Strategy = Strategy.DEFEND
var formation_slots: Array[Node3D] # Markers parented to a "Formation Anchor"

func update_tactics(ball_pos: Vector3) -> void:
    # Move the entire formation anchor
    formation_anchor.position = lerp(formation_anchor.position, ball_pos, 0.5)
    
    # Assign best player to each slot
    for player in players:
        var best_slot = find_closest_slot(player)
        player.set_target(best_slot.global_position)

3. Match Manager

The referee logic.

# match_manager.gd
var score_team_a: int = 0
var score_team_b: int = 0
var match_timer: float = 300.0
enum State { KICKOFF, PLAYING, GOAL, END }

func goal_scored(team: int) -> void:
    if team == 0: score_team_a += 1
    else: score_team_b += 1
    current_state = State.GOAL
    play_celebration()
    await get_tree().create_timer(5.0).timeout
    reset_positions()
    current_state = State.KICKOFF

Key Mechanics Implementation

Contextual Input

"A" button does different things depending on context.

func _unhandled_input(event: InputEvent) -> void:
    if event.is_action_pressed("action_main"):
        if has_ball:
            pass_ball()
        elif is_near_ball:
            slide_tackle()
        else:
            switch_player()

Steering Behaviors

For natural movement (Seek, Flee, Arrive).

func seek(target_pos: Vector3) -> Vector3:
    var desired_velocity = (target_pos - global_position).normalized() * max_speed
    var steering = desired_velocity - velocity
    return steering.limit_length(max_force)

Godot-Specific Tips

• NavigationServer3D: Essential for avoiding obstacles (other players/referee).
• AnimationTree (BlendSpace2D): Crucial for sports. You need smooth blending between Idle -> Walk -> Jog -> Sprint in all directions.
• PhysicsMaterial: Tune bounce and friction on the Ball and Field colliders carefully.

Common Pitfalls

1. AI Bunching: All 22 players running at the ball (Kindergarten Soccer). Fix: Use Formation Slots. Only 1-2 players "Press" the ball; others cover space.
2. Magnetic Ball: Ball sticks to player too perfectly. Fix: Use a "Dribble" mechanic where the player kicks the ball slightly ahead physics-wise, rather than parenting it.
3. Unfair Goalies: Goalie reacts instantly. Fix: Add a "Reaction Time" delay and "Error Rate" based on shot speed/stats.