Integrating Convex with Expo (React Native)

Use this skill to add, repair, extend, or harden a Convex backend for an Expo app without drifting into web-only patterns or generic React Native advice.

Use this skill for

• Adding Convex to an existing Expo or Expo Router app.
• Fixing broken environment setup, provider wiring, or generated API imports.
• Building an end-to-end feature slice: schema, indexes, backend functions, frontend hooks, and validation.
• Choosing and implementing auth for Expo + Convex.
• Uploading files from Expo URIs into Convex storage.
• Refactoring for pagination, indexes, migrations, or reusable components.
• Hardening a project before preview or production release.

Do not use this skill for

• Pure Expo UI, animation, navigation, or styling work with no Convex involvement.
• Convex projects whose frontend is not Expo or React Native.
• Generic backend architecture discussions that do not need Expo-specific environment or client wiring.

Success criteria

A good outcome should leave the project with:

1. A single, correctly scoped Convex client and provider.
2. Working EXPO_PUBLIC_CONVEX_URL handling in local development and EAS.
3. Backend functions that match Convex best practices for validators, auth, actions, and query performance.
4. Frontend hooks using generated api references with clear loading, empty, and error states.
5. A validation pass using scripts/validate_project.py.
6. A clear path for future growth: pagination, indexes, auth wrappers, migrations, and linting.

Non-negotiables

• Keep npx convex dev running while developing or repairing the integration.
• Read the deployment URL from process.env.EXPO_PUBLIC_CONVEX_URL.
• Mirror that value into EAS environments for preview and production builds.
• Create exactly one ConvexReactClient per app, outside render paths.
• Mount the provider at the true root: app/_layout.tsx, src/app/_layout.tsx, or App.tsx.
• In Expo and React Native, set unsavedChangesWarning: false.
• Import generated references from convex/_generated/api rather than stringly typed names.
• Treat all client-callable Convex functions as untrusted entry points.
• Add args validators to public functions, and prefer returns validators as well.
• Keep public wrappers thin; move repeated logic into helpers, internal functions, or custom wrappers.
• Do not use Date.now() or new Date() inside query logic.
• Do not use Node-only APIs or third-party SDKs inside queries or mutations.
• Put external API calls, heavy compute, or Node-only libraries in action or internalAction files; if a file starts with "use node", keep it action-only.
• Avoid .filter() and unbounded .collect() on large tables; prefer indexes plus pagination.
• Await every promise.
• Prefer TypeScript strict mode and the official Convex ESLint plugin.

First-pass triage

Before making changes, inspect the project and classify the job.

1. Identify the app entrypoint

Check for:

• app/_layout.tsx or src/app/_layout.tsx for Expo Router.
• App.tsx or App.jsx for classic entrypoints.

2. Audit Convex state

Look for:

• package.json dependencies: convex, expo, auth libraries, ESLint tooling.
• convex/ and convex/_generated/.
• .env.local, .env, .env.development, .env.production.
• eas.json if cloud builds matter.
• Existing provider usage: ConvexProvider, ConvexProviderWithClerk, or custom auth wrappers.
• Existing schema and indexes in convex/schema.ts.
• Existing public functions with missing validators, auth checks, or pagination.

3. Run the validator

From the project root:

python scripts/validate_project.py --root <project-root>

Use --json for machine-readable output or --fail-on-warning when you want stricter gating.

4. Choose the workflow

• Bootstrap / repair baseline: missing Convex setup, env vars, provider, or generated API.
• Build a feature slice: add backend data and UI together.
• Auth: add or repair sign-in and backend authorization.
• File uploads: move media or documents from device URIs into Convex storage.
• Scale / harden: indexes, pagination, components, linting, production checklist.
• Migration: reshape existing tables or gradually move from another backend.

Workflow A — Bootstrap or repair the baseline integration

Step 1: Install or confirm the client package

npx expo install convex

Step 2: Create or reconnect the Convex project

npx convex dev

Expect this to:

• create or connect a Convex project,
• create convex/ if missing,
• generate convex/_generated/,
• write EXPO_PUBLIC_CONVEX_URL to .env.local,
• and keep syncing while the command runs.

Step 3: Ensure the root provider exists

For Expo Router:

import { ConvexProvider, ConvexReactClient } from "convex/react";
import { Stack } from "expo-router";

const convex = new ConvexReactClient(process.env.EXPO_PUBLIC_CONVEX_URL!, {
  unsavedChangesWarning: false,
});

export default function RootLayout() {
  return (
    <ConvexProvider client={convex}>
      <Stack />
    </ConvexProvider>
  );
}

For classic App.tsx, wrap the top-level navigation tree the same way.

Step 4: Confirm generated imports

Use:

import { api } from "../convex/_generated/api";

or the correct relative path for the project layout. Do not hand-write function names.

Step 5: Verify development and build environments

Read references/eas-env.md and ensure the same deployment URL policy is reflected in EAS.

Step 6: Validate and smoke-test

• Start the Expo app.
• Confirm useQuery(...) moves from undefined to real data.
• Run python scripts/validate_project.py --root <project-root>.
• If needed, scaffold the canonical example with python scripts/scaffold_tasks_example.py --root <project-root>.

Workflow B — Build a feature slice end to end

Build each feature in the order below.

1. Model the access pattern first

Before touching code, answer:

• Is the data public, user-scoped, org-scoped, or admin-only?
• Will the list stay small, or should it paginate?
• Which fields are lookup keys and therefore need indexes?
• Does any step require an external API, AI SDK, Stripe, or Node API?

2. Design the schema

Add or extend convex/schema.ts before the function layer whenever the model is stabilising.

Use references/schema-and-indexes.md for:

• flat relational modelling,
• foreign-key indexing,
• compound indexes around actual query shapes,
• bounded array guidance,
• and pagination thresholds.

3. Implement backend functions

Use references/functions.md for the detailed patterns.

Default rules:

• query for deterministic reads.
• mutation for writes.
• action or internalAction for external APIs, third-party SDKs, or Node-only code.
• internalQuery or internalMutation for logic that should never be callable from the client.

4. Enforce access on the backend

If the feature is not public, do one of these:

• explicit ctx.auth.getUserIdentity() checks in each function, or
• reusable custom wrappers via convex-helpers.

See references/auth.md and references/components-and-helpers.md.

5. Wire the frontend

Use references/frontend-patterns.md.

Always handle:

• loading: useQuery(...) === undefined,
• empty state,
• mutation pending state where relevant,
• recoverable errors,
• and pagination for unbounded lists.

6. Validate the slice

Before finishing:

• run the validator with the project root,
• run lint and typecheck if the project has them,
• verify the feature on device or simulator,
• and update or add indexes before shipping.

Workflow C — Authentication and authorization

Pick one auth story and keep the stack coherent.

Option 1: Clerk

Good when the app already uses Clerk or wants a polished auth product.

Option 2: Convex Auth

Good when you want a Convex-native auth stack and are comfortable adopting a beta library.

Option 3: Existing JWT or OIDC provider

Good when the product already depends on Auth0, WorkOS, a company IdP, or another OIDC flow.

Rules regardless of provider

• Backend authorization is mandatory; client-side gating is only for UX.
• If you persist users in Convex, index by a stable identifier such as tokenIdentifier.
• Check ownership, organisation membership, or role on every protected function.
• Prefer helper functions or custom wrappers instead of repeating auth boilerplate.
• Use internal functions for privileged internal-only operations.

Read references/auth.md for a decision matrix and implementation patterns.

Workflow D — File uploads from Expo

Use Convex upload URLs rather than trying to push raw files through a mutation.

Recommended flow:

1. public or protected mutation returns ctx.storage.generateUploadUrl(),
2. client loads the local file:// URI with fetch(uri) and converts it to a Blob,
3. client POSTs the blob to the upload URL,
4. second mutation stores the returned storageId plus app-specific metadata,
5. optional scheduled or action-based post-processing happens afterwards.

Read references/file-uploads.md.

Workflow E — Scale and harden

Once the baseline works, raise the quality bar.

Performance

• Replace .filter() scans with indexed queries where possible.
• Replace unbounded .collect() with take, first, or paginated queries.
• Use usePaginatedQuery for growing feeds, notifications, and infinite-scroll screens.
• Push repeated or reusable feature areas into Convex components when boundaries are clear.

Safety

• Add validators consistently.
• Keep privileged logic behind internal functions.
• Use ConvexError or clear return shapes for expected failures.
• Never trust IDs from the client without checking ownership or membership.

Maintainability

• Turn on @convex-dev/eslint-plugin.
• Use TypeScript strict mode.
• Keep wrappers thin and move shared logic into plain TypeScript helpers.
• Separate "use node" action files from regular runtime files.

Read references/production-checklist.md.

Workflow F — Migrations

When changing a live schema, prefer additive transitions.

Default migration strategy:

1. add new fields or tables in a backwards-compatible way,
2. dual-read or dual-write if the shape is changing,
3. backfill existing documents in idempotent batches,
4. switch readers and writers,
5. then remove the old shape.

Use internal functions or scheduled jobs for backfills, and keep migrations restart-safe.

Read references/migrations.md.

Fast troubleshooting path

If the app is broken, check these in order:

1. Is npx convex dev running and free of TypeScript errors?
2. Does .env.local contain EXPO_PUBLIC_CONVEX_URL?
3. Was Metro restarted after the env file changed?
4. Is there exactly one ConvexReactClient?
5. Is the provider mounted at the real root?
6. Does convex/_generated/api exist, and are imports pointing at it correctly?
7. Are public functions missing args or returns validators?
8. Is a query using Date.now(), .filter(), or unbounded .collect()?
9. Is a "use node" file incorrectly mixing queries or mutations?
10. Is auth mismatched between the client provider and the backend config?

See references/troubleshooting.md.

Available scripts

• scripts/validate_project.py

  • Validates the project rooted at --root or, if copied into a repo, the current working tree.
  • Validates Expo and Convex dependencies.
  • Checks env files, provider wiring, generated code, validator presence, "use node" misuse, and common query anti-patterns.
  • Supports --json, --root, and --fail-on-warning.

• scripts/scaffold_tasks_example.py

  • Dry-run by default.
  • Can generate sampleData.jsonl, convex/schema.ts, convex/tasks.ts, and an optional Expo screen file.
  • Supports --write, --overwrite, --ui-file, and --json.

References

Load only the file that matches the current task.

• references/eas-env.md — local envs, EAS envs, and deployment URL handling.
• references/tasks-example.md — canonical minimal example for the stack.
• references/schema-and-indexes.md — schema design, indexes, query shape mapping, and pagination triggers.
• references/functions.md — query, mutation, action, internal function, validators, and runtime boundaries.
• references/frontend-patterns.md — provider placement, hook usage, loading and error states, and paginated lists.
• references/auth.md — Clerk, Convex Auth, JWT or OIDC, user mapping, and server-side authorization.
• references/file-uploads.md — upload URLs, Expo URI handling, metadata storage, and post-processing.
• references/components-and-helpers.md — Convex components and convex-helpers patterns.
• references/migrations.md — additive rollout, backfills, dual reads and writes, and batched migrations.
• references/production-checklist.md — pre-release hardening checklist.
• references/troubleshooting.md — common failures and exact fixes.
• references/evaluation.md — how to use the bundled trigger and output eval files.
• references/sources.md — upstream docs and materials used for this rewrite.