Obsidian学习笔记数据库技能

🎯 设计理念

为学习笔记优化的数据库系统，实现：

智能分类: 按学科、难度、状态自动分组
进度追踪: 实时监控学习进度和掌握情况
知识关联: 发现笔记间的关联关系
统计分析: 可视化学习数据和趋势

📊 核心功能

Obsidian Bases = YAML配置 + 动态查询 + 多视图展示

数据源: 笔记属性和元数据
查询引擎: 强大的过滤和公式系统
视图系统: 表格、卡片、列表等多种展示
统计分析: 自动计算和汇总功能

File Format

Base files use the .base extension and contain valid YAML. They can also be embedded in Markdown code blocks.

Complete Schema

# Global filters apply to ALL views in the base
filters:
  # Can be a single filter string
  # OR a recursive filter object with and/or/not
  and: []
  or: []
  not: []

# Define formula properties that can be used across all views
formulas:
  formula_name: 'expression'

# Configure display names and settings for properties
properties:
  property_name:
    displayName: "Display Name"
  formula.formula_name:
    displayName: "Formula Display Name"
  file.ext:
    displayName: "Extension"

# Define custom summary formulas
summaries:
  custom_summary_name: 'values.mean().round(3)'

# Define one or more views
views:
  - type: table | cards | list | map
    name: "View Name"
    limit: 10                    # Optional: limit results
    groupBy:                     # Optional: group results
      property: property_name
      direction: ASC | DESC
    filters:                     # View-specific filters
      and: []
    order:                       # Properties to display in order
      - file.name
      - property_name
      - formula.formula_name
    summaries:                   # Map properties to summary formulas
      property_name: Average

Filter Syntax

Filters narrow down results. They can be applied globally or per-view.

Filter Structure

# Single filter
filters: 'status == "done"'

# AND - all conditions must be true
filters:
  and:
    - 'status == "done"'
    - 'priority > 3'

# OR - any condition can be true
filters:
  or:
    - 'file.hasTag("book")'
    - 'file.hasTag("article")'

# NOT - exclude matching items
filters:
  not:
    - 'file.hasTag("archived")'

# Nested filters
filters:
  or:
    - file.hasTag("tag")
    - and:
        - file.hasTag("book")
        - file.hasLink("Textbook")
    - not:
        - file.hasTag("book")
        - file.inFolder("Required Reading")

Filter Operators

Operator	Description
`==`	equals
`!=`	not equal
`>`	greater than
`<`	less than
`>=`	greater than or equal
`<=`	less than or equal
`&&`	logical and
`\|\|`	logical or
!	logical not

Properties

Three Types of Properties

Note properties - From frontmatter: note.author or just author
File properties - File metadata: file.name, file.mtime, etc.
Formula properties - Computed values: formula.my_formula

File Properties Reference

Property	Type	Description
`file.name`	String	File name
`file.basename`	String	File name without extension
`file.path`	String	Full path to file
`file.folder`	String	Parent folder path
`file.ext`	String	File extension
`file.size`	Number	File size in bytes
`file.ctime`	Date	Created time
`file.mtime`	Date	Modified time
`file.tags`	List	All tags in file
`file.links`	List	Internal links in file
`file.backlinks`	List	Files linking to this file
`file.embeds`	List	Embeds in the note
`file.properties`	Object	All frontmatter properties

The `this` Keyword

In main content area: refers to the base file itself
When embedded: refers to the embedding file
In sidebar: refers to the active file in main content

Formula Syntax

Formulas compute values from properties. Defined in the formulas section.

formulas:
  # Simple arithmetic
  total: "price * quantity"
  
  # Conditional logic
  status_icon: 'if(done, "✅", "⏳")'
  
  # String formatting
  formatted_price: 'if(price, price.toFixed(2) + " dollars")'
  
  # Date formatting
  created: 'file.ctime.format("YYYY-MM-DD")'
  
  # Complex expressions
  days_old: '((now() - file.ctime) / 86400000).round(0)'

Functions Reference

Global Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`date()`	`date(string): date`	Parse string to date. Format: `YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss`
`duration()`	`duration(string): duration`	Parse duration string
`now()`	`now(): date`	Current date and time
`today()`	`today(): date`	Current date (time = 00:00:00)
`if()`	`if(condition, trueResult, falseResult?)`	Conditional
`min()`	`min(n1, n2, ...): number`	Smallest number
`max()`	`max(n1, n2, ...): number`	Largest number
`number()`	`number(any): number`	Convert to number
`link()`	`link(path, display?): Link`	Create a link
`list()`	`list(element): List`	Wrap in list if not already
`file()`	`file(path): file`	Get file object
`image()`	`image(path): image`	Create image for rendering
`icon()`	`icon(name): icon`	Lucide icon by name
`html()`	`html(string): html`	Render as HTML
`escapeHTML()`	`escapeHTML(string): string`	Escape HTML characters

Any Type Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`isTruthy()`	`any.isTruthy(): boolean`	Coerce to boolean
`isType()`	`any.isType(type): boolean`	Check type
`toString()`	`any.toString(): string`	Convert to string

Date Functions & Fields

Fields: date.year, date.month, date.day, date.hour, date.minute, date.second, date.millisecond

Function	Signature	Description
`date()`	`date.date(): date`	Remove time portion
`format()`	`date.format(string): string`	Format with Moment.js pattern
`time()`	`date.time(): string`	Get time as string
`relative()`	`date.relative(): string`	Human-readable relative time
`isEmpty()`	`date.isEmpty(): boolean`	Always false for dates

Date Arithmetic

# Duration units: y/year/years, M/month/months, d/day/days, 
#                 w/week/weeks, h/hour/hours, m/minute/minutes, s/second/seconds

# Add/subtract durations
"date + \"1M\""           # Add 1 month
"date - \"2h\""           # Subtract 2 hours
"now() + \"1 day\""       # Tomorrow
"today() + \"7d\""        # A week from today

# Subtract dates for millisecond difference
"now() - file.ctime"

# Complex duration arithmetic
"now() + (duration('1d') * 2)"

String Functions

Field: string.length

Function	Signature	Description
`contains()`	`string.contains(value): boolean`	Check substring
`containsAll()`	`string.containsAll(...values): boolean`	All substrings present
`containsAny()`	`string.containsAny(...values): boolean`	Any substring present
`startsWith()`	`string.startsWith(query): boolean`	Starts with query
`endsWith()`	`string.endsWith(query): boolean`	Ends with query
`isEmpty()`	`string.isEmpty(): boolean`	Empty or not present
`lower()`	`string.lower(): string`	To lowercase
`title()`	`string.title(): string`	To Title Case
`trim()`	`string.trim(): string`	Remove whitespace
`replace()`	`string.replace(pattern, replacement): string`	Replace pattern
`repeat()`	`string.repeat(count): string`	Repeat string
`reverse()`	`string.reverse(): string`	Reverse string
`slice()`	`string.slice(start, end?): string`	Substring
`split()`	`string.split(separator, n?): list`	Split to list

Number Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`abs()`	`number.abs(): number`	Absolute value
`ceil()`	`number.ceil(): number`	Round up
`floor()`	`number.floor(): number`	Round down
`round()`	`number.round(digits?): number`	Round to digits
`toFixed()`	`number.toFixed(precision): string`	Fixed-point notation
`isEmpty()`	`number.isEmpty(): boolean`	Not present

List Functions

Field: list.length

Function	Signature	Description
`contains()`	`list.contains(value): boolean`	Element exists
`containsAll()`	`list.containsAll(...values): boolean`	All elements exist
`containsAny()`	`list.containsAny(...values): boolean`	Any element exists
`filter()`	`list.filter(expression): list`	Filter by condition (uses `value`, `index`)
`map()`	`list.map(expression): list`	Transform elements (uses `value`, `index`)
`reduce()`	`list.reduce(expression, initial): any`	Reduce to single value (uses `value`, `index`, `acc`)
`flat()`	`list.flat(): list`	Flatten nested lists
`join()`	`list.join(separator): string`	Join to string
`reverse()`	`list.reverse(): list`	Reverse order
`slice()`	`list.slice(start, end?): list`	Sublist
`sort()`	`list.sort(): list`	Sort ascending
`unique()`	`list.unique(): list`	Remove duplicates
`isEmpty()`	`list.isEmpty(): boolean`	No elements

File Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`asLink()`	`file.asLink(display?): Link`	Convert to link
`hasLink()`	`file.hasLink(otherFile): boolean`	Has link to file
`hasTag()`	`file.hasTag(...tags): boolean`	Has any of the tags
`hasProperty()`	`file.hasProperty(name): boolean`	Has property
`inFolder()`	`file.inFolder(folder): boolean`	In folder or subfolder

Link Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`asFile()`	`link.asFile(): file`	Get file object
`linksTo()`	`link.linksTo(file): boolean`	Links to file

Object Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`isEmpty()`	`object.isEmpty(): boolean`	No properties
`keys()`	`object.keys(): list`	List of keys
`values()`	`object.values(): list`	List of values

Regular Expression Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`matches()`	`regexp.matches(string): boolean`	Test if matches

View Types

Table View

views:
  - type: table
    name: "My Table"
    order:
      - file.name
      - status
      - due_date
    summaries:
      price: Sum
      count: Average

Cards View

views:
  - type: cards
    name: "Gallery"
    order:
      - file.name
      - cover_image
      - description

List View

views:
  - type: list
    name: "Simple List"
    order:
      - file.name
      - status

Map View

Requires latitude/longitude properties and the Maps community plugin.

views:
  - type: map
    name: "Locations"
    # Map-specific settings for lat/lng properties

Default Summary Formulas

Name	Input Type	Description
`Average`	Number	Mathematical mean
`Min`	Number	Smallest number
`Max`	Number	Largest number
`Sum`	Number	Sum of all numbers
`Range`	Number	Max - Min
`Median`	Number	Mathematical median
`Stddev`	Number	Standard deviation
`Earliest`	Date	Earliest date
`Latest`	Date	Latest date
`Range`	Date	Latest - Earliest
`Checked`	Boolean	Count of true values
`Unchecked`	Boolean	Count of false values
`Empty`	Any	Count of empty values
`Filled`	Any	Count of non-empty values
`Unique`	Any	Count of unique values

🎓 学习笔记数据库示例

学习进度总览

filters:
  and:
    - file.hasTag("学习")
    - 'file.ext == "md"'

formulas:
  # 学习进度计算
  progress_percent: 'if(progress, progress, 0)'
  mastery_level: 'if(confidence, "⭐".repeat(confidence), "📝")'
  urgency_score: 'if(priority == "高", 3, if(priority == "中", 2, 1))'
  days_since_created: '((now() - date(created)) / 86400000).round(0)'
  needs_review: 'if(next_review && date(next_review) < today(), "🔄", "")'
  
  # 智能分类
  category_type: 'if(file.hasTag("概念"), "📖 概念", if(file.hasTag("算法"), "⚙️ 算法", if(file.hasTag("实现"), "💻 实现", "📚 其他")))'
  
  # 难度可视化
  difficulty_emoji: 'if(difficulty == "入门", "🟢", if(difficulty == "进阶", "🟡", if(difficulty == "高级", "🔴", "⚪")))'

properties:
  status:
    displayName: "状态"
  difficulty:
    displayName: "难度"
  rating:
    displayName: "评分"
  formula.progress_percent:
    displayName: "进度%"
  formula.mastery_level:
    displayName: "掌握度"
  formula.category_type:
    displayName: "分类"
  formula.difficulty_emoji:
    displayName: ""
  formula.needs_review:
    displayName: ""

views:
  - type: table
    name: "📊 学习总览"
    order:
      - formula.category_type
      - file.name
      - status
      - formula.difficulty_emoji
      - formula.progress_percent
      - formula.mastery_level
      - rating
      - formula.needs_review
    groupBy:
      property: status
      direction: ASC
    summaries:
      formula.progress_percent: Average
      rating: Average

  - type: cards
    name: "🎯 当前学习"
    filters:
      and:
        - 'status == "学习中"'
    order:
      - file.name
      - formula.category_type
      - formula.difficulty_emoji
      - formula.progress_percent
      - formula.mastery_level

📚 知识体系管理

filters:
  and:
    - or:
        - file.hasTag("概念")
        - file.hasTag("算法")
        - file.hasTag("理论")

formulas:
  # 知识关联度
  link_count: 'file.links.length'
  backlink_count: 'file.backlinks.length'
  knowledge_score: '(rating * confidence + link_count + backlink_count) / 3'
  
  # 学习路径
  learning_stage: 'if(progress < 30, "🌱 初学", if(progress < 70, "🌿 进阶", "🌳 精通"))'
  completion_rate: 'if(progress, progress, 0)'
  
  # 依赖关系
  has_prerequisites: 'if(prerequisites, "✅", "❌")'
  dependency_count: 'if(dependencies, dependencies.length, 0)'
  
  # 时间分析
  learning_duration: '((date(modified) - date(created)) / 86400000).round(0)'
  is_recent: 'if(date(modified) > now() - "7d", "🆕", "")'

properties:
  formula.learning_stage:
    displayName: "学习阶段"
  formula.knowledge_score:
    displayName: "知识分"
  formula.link_count:
    displayName: "链接数"
  formula.completion_rate:
    displayName: "完成度"
  formula.has_prerequisites:
    displayName: "前置"
  formula.learning_duration:
    displayName: "学习天数"
  formula.is_recent:
    displayName: ""

views:
  - type: table
    name: "🧠 知识图谱"
    order:
      - file.name
      - formula.learning_stage
      - formula.knowledge_score
      - formula.link_count
      - formula.backlink_count
      - formula.completion_rate
      - formula.has_prerequisites
      - formula.learning_duration
      - formula.is_recent
    groupBy:
      property: difficulty
      direction: ASC
    summaries:
      formula.knowledge_score: Average
      formula.completion_rate: Average

  - type: list
    name: "🎯 核心概念"
    filters:
      and:
        - file.hasTag("概念")
        - 'rating >= 4'
    order:
      - file.name
      - formula.knowledge_score
      - confidence

📈 学习统计分析

filters:
  and:
    - file.hasTag("学习")
    - 'progress != ""'

formulas:
  # 统计指标
  total_notes: '1'
  completed_count: 'if(status == "已掌握", 1, 0)'
  in_progress_count: 'if(status == "学习中", 1, 0)'
  
  # 质量评估
  quality_score: '(rating + confidence + progress) / 3'
  is_high_quality: 'if(quality_score >= 4, "🏆", "")'
  
  # 效率分析
  efficiency: 'if(learning_duration > 0, (progress / learning_duration).round(2), 0)'
  is_efficient: 'if(efficiency >= 5, "⚡", "")'
  
  # 复习管理
  review_overdue: 'if(next_review && date(next_review) < today(), "⏰", "")'
  days_to_review: 'if(next_review, ((date(next_review) - today()) / 86400000).round(0), "")'

summaries:
  total_learning: 'values.sum()'
  completion_rate: '(values.filter(v => v == 1).sum() / values.sum() * 100).round(1)'
  avg_quality: 'values.mean().round(2)'
  avg_efficiency: 'values.mean().round(2)'

properties:
  formula.quality_score:
    displayName: "质量分"
  formula.efficiency:
    displayName: "效率"
  formula.is_high_quality:
    displayName: ""
  formula.is_efficient:
    displayName: ""
  formula.review_overdue:
    displayName: "复习"
  formula.days_to_review:
    displayName: "天数"

views:
  - type: table
    name: "📊 学习统计"
    order:
      - file.name
      - status
      - formula.quality_score
      - formula.efficiency
      - progress
      - formula.review_overdue
      - formula.days_to_review
      - formula.is_high_quality
      - formula.is_efficient
    summaries:
      formula.total_notes: total_learning
      formula.completed_count: completion_rate
      formula.quality_score: avg_quality
      formula.efficiency: avg_efficiency

  - type: table
    name: "⏰ 复习提醒"
    filters:
      or:
        - 'next_review && date(next_review) <= today() + "3d"'
        - 'next_review == ""'
    order:
      - formula.days_to_review
      - file.name
      - status
      - confidence
      - formula.review_overdue

Daily Notes Index

filters:
  and:
    - file.inFolder("Daily Notes")
    - '/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/.matches(file.basename)'

formulas:
  word_estimate: '(file.size / 5).round(0)'
  day_of_week: 'date(file.basename).format("dddd")'

properties:
  formula.day_of_week:
    displayName: "Day"
  formula.word_estimate:
    displayName: "~Words"

views:
  - type: table
    name: "Recent Notes"
    limit: 30
    order:
      - file.name
      - formula.day_of_week
      - formula.word_estimate
      - file.mtime

Embedding Bases

Embed in Markdown files:

![[MyBase.base]]

<!-- Specific view -->
![[MyBase.base#View Name]]

YAML Quoting Rules

Use single quotes for formulas containing double quotes: 'if(done, "Yes", "No")'
Use double quotes for simple strings: "My View Name"
Escape nested quotes properly in complex expressions

Common Patterns

Filter by Tag

filters:
  and:
    - file.hasTag("project")

Filter by Folder

filters:
  and:
    - file.inFolder("Notes")

Filter by Date Range

filters:
  and:
    - 'file.mtime > now() - "7d"'

Filter by Property Value

filters:
  and:
    - 'status == "active"'
    - 'priority >= 3'

Combine Multiple Conditions

filters:
  or:
    - and:
        - file.hasTag("important")
        - 'status != "done"'
    - and:
        - 'priority == 1'
        - 'due != ""'

obsidian-bases