Table Schema and Design Analysis

Analyze table structure, partitioning, ORDER BY, materialized views, and identify design anti-patterns.

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Diagnostics

Run all queries from the file checks.sql and analyze the results.

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Deep Dive Queries (Placeholder-Based)

Partition Distribution for Specific Table

select
    database,
    table,
    count() as partitions,
    sum(rows) as total_rows,
    formatReadableSize(sum(bytes_on_disk)) as total_size,
    formatReadableSize(median(bytes_on_disk)) as median_partition_size,
    min(partition) as oldest_partition,
    max(partition) as newest_partition
from system.parts
where active and database = '{database}' and table = '{table}'
group by database, table, partition
order by partition desc
limit 100

Column Compression Analysis for Specific Table

select
    name,
    type,
    formatReadableSize(data_compressed_bytes) as compressed,
    formatReadableSize(data_uncompressed_bytes) as uncompressed,
    round(data_uncompressed_bytes / nullIf(data_compressed_bytes, 0), 2) as ratio,
    compression_codec
from system.columns
where database = '{database}' and table = '{table}'
order by data_compressed_bytes desc
limit 50

Look for:

• Columns with ratio < 2 → consider better codec or data transformation
• Large columns without codec → add CODEC(ZSTD) or LZ4HC
• String columns with low cardinality → consider LowCardinality(String)

Index Usage Analysis for Specific Database

select
    database,
    table,
    name as index_name,
    type,
    expr,
    granularity
from system.data_skipping_indices
where database = '{database}'
order by database, table

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Schema Design Recommendations

Partition Key Guidelines

Data Volume	Recommended Granularity	Example
< 10GB/month	No partitioning or yearly	toYear(ts)
10-100GB/month	Monthly	toYYYYMM(ts)
100GB-1TB/month	Weekly or daily	toMonday(ts)
> 1TB/month	Daily	toDate(ts)

ORDER BY Guidelines

1. First column: Low cardinality, frequently filtered (e.g., tenant_id, region)
2. Second column: Time-based if range queries common
3. Subsequent: Other filter columns by selectivity (most selective last)

Anti-patterns:

• UUID/hash as first column
• High-cardinality ID without tenant prefix
• DateTime64 with microseconds as first column

Compression Codec Recommendations

Data Type	Recommended Codec
Integers (sequential)	Delta, ZSTD
Integers (random)	ZSTD or LZ4HC
Floats	Gorilla, ZSTD
Timestamps	DoubleDelta, ZSTD
Strings (long)	ZSTD(3)
Strings (repetitive)	LowCardinality + ZSTD

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Cross-Module Triggers

Finding	Load Module	Reason
Many small partitions	altinity-expert-clickhouse-ingestion	Check batch sizing
Oversized partitions	altinity-expert-clickhouse-merges	Merge can't complete
High PK memory	altinity-expert-clickhouse-memory	Memory pressure
MV performance issues	altinity-expert-clickhouse-reporting	Query analysis
Too many parts per partition	altinity-expert-clickhouse-merges	Merge backlog

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Settings Reference

Setting	Default	Recommendation
index_granularity	8192	Lower for point lookups, higher for scans
ttl_only_drop_parts	0	Set to 1 if TTL deletes entire partitions
min_bytes_for_wide_part	10MB	Increase if many small parts