Playwright CLI

Browser automation through npx @playwright/cli commands executed in Bash. This is the AI-agent-focused CLI, not the test runner.

Required Reading

Read the relevant reference before using commands:

Working On	Reference File	Key Topics
Commands, flags, syntax	command-reference	All 50+ commands with flags and examples
Workflow patterns, sessions	workflows	Snapshot-first workflow, sessions, state, multi-tab
Network, cookies, storage	state-and-network	Cookies, localStorage, sessionStorage, route interception

Core Concept: Snapshot-First Workflow

Playwright-cli uses element references (e.g., e15, e21) to identify interactive elements on a page. These references come from snapshots.

# 1. Open a page
npx @playwright/cli open https://example.com

# 2. Take a snapshot to discover element references
npx @playwright/cli snapshot

# 3. Interact using element references from the snapshot
npx @playwright/cli click e15
npx @playwright/cli fill e21 "search query"

# 4. Take another snapshot to see the result
npx @playwright/cli snapshot

# 5. Clean up
npx @playwright/cli close

Key rule: Always snapshot before interacting. Element references reset on navigation, so re-snapshot after goto, click (if it navigates), or reload.

Quick Examples

"Scrape the product names from this page"

npx @playwright/cli open https://example.com/products
npx @playwright/cli snapshot
# Read the snapshot output to extract data
npx @playwright/cli close

"Log into this site with these credentials"

npx @playwright/cli open https://example.com/login
npx @playwright/cli snapshot
# Snapshot shows: e10=username, e12=password, e15=submit button
npx @playwright/cli fill e10 "user@example.com"
npx @playwright/cli fill e12 "password123"
npx @playwright/cli click e15
npx @playwright/cli snapshot  # Verify login succeeded
npx @playwright/cli close

"Take a screenshot of this page"

npx @playwright/cli open https://example.com
npx @playwright/cli screenshot --filename=capture.png
npx @playwright/cli close

"Walk through the checkout flow on this shop"

npx @playwright/cli -s=checkout open https://shop.example.com
npx @playwright/cli -s=checkout snapshot
npx @playwright/cli -s=checkout click e20  # Add to cart
npx @playwright/cli -s=checkout snapshot
npx @playwright/cli -s=checkout click e35  # Checkout
npx @playwright/cli -s=checkout snapshot
npx @playwright/cli -s=checkout close

Command Overview

Category	Commands
Browser lifecycle	open, goto, close, close-all, kill-all
Interaction	click, dblclick, fill, type, press, hover, check, uncheck, select, upload, drag
Navigation	go-back, go-forward, reload
Content capture	snapshot, screenshot, pdf
Tab management	tab-list, tab-new, tab-close, tab-select
Cookies	cookie-list, cookie-get, cookie-set, cookie-delete, cookie-clear
LocalStorage	localstorage-list, localstorage-get, localstorage-set, localstorage-delete, localstorage-clear
SessionStorage	sessionstorage-list, sessionstorage-get, sessionstorage-set, sessionstorage-delete, sessionstorage-clear
State	state-save, state-load
Network	route, route-list, unroute, network
Debugging	console, eval, run-code, tracing-start, tracing-stop, video-start, video-stop
Sessions	-s=name prefix, list

Important Rules

• Always snapshot before interacting -- element refs come from snapshots
• Re-snapshot after navigation -- refs reset on page load
• Use --headed for debugging -- shows the browser window visually
• Use -s=name for parallel sessions -- each session is an independent browser
• Use --persistent to save profile -- browser state survives restarts
• Prefer fill over type -- fill clears existing text first, type appends
• Use snapshot --filename=out.yaml to save snapshots to files for later reading

Anti-Patterns

Interacting Without a Snapshot

# BAD -- element refs are unknown
npx @playwright/cli open https://example.com
npx @playwright/cli click e15  # What is e15? Might not exist

# GOOD -- snapshot first to discover refs
npx @playwright/cli open https://example.com
npx @playwright/cli snapshot
npx @playwright/cli click e15  # Now we know what e15 is

Forgetting to Re-Snapshot After Navigation

# BAD -- refs from old page
npx @playwright/cli click e10  # Navigates to new page
npx @playwright/cli click e20  # e20 is from OLD snapshot!

# GOOD -- re-snapshot after navigation
npx @playwright/cli click e10  # Navigates to new page
npx @playwright/cli snapshot   # Get new refs
npx @playwright/cli click e20  # e20 is from CURRENT page

Using type Instead of fill for Form Fields

# BAD -- type appends to existing text
npx @playwright/cli type e10 "new text"  # Appended to whatever was there

# GOOD -- fill clears first, then types
npx @playwright/cli fill e10 "new text"  # Field is cleared first

Success Criteria

• Browser session opened and closed cleanly (no orphaned processes)
• Every interaction preceded by a snapshot
• Element references re-obtained after every navigation event
• Extracted data or screenshots saved to files when requested
• Errors diagnosed using console, network, or headed mode

Reference File IDs

For programmatic access: command-reference . workflows . state-and-network