WPF BAML Localization

Localize WPF applications using x:Uid attributes and LocBaml tool for satellite assembly generation.

1. BAML Localization Overview

BAML Localization Workflow
├── 1. Add x:Uid to XAML elements
├── 2. Set UICulture in project
├── 3. Build to generate default resources
├── 4. Extract with LocBaml /parse
├── 5. Translate CSV files
└── 6. Generate satellite assemblies with LocBaml /generate

When to use BAML:

• Enterprise applications with professional translation workflow
• Need to localize without recompiling
• Complex UI with many localizable properties

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2. Adding x:Uid Attributes

<Window x:Class="MyApp.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        x:Uid="MainWindow"
        Title="My Application">
    <Grid x:Uid="MainGrid">
        <StackPanel x:Uid="ContentPanel">
            <TextBlock x:Uid="TitleText" Text="Welcome to My Application"/>
            <TextBlock x:Uid="DescriptionText" Text="Please select an option below."/>
            <Button x:Uid="SaveButton" Content="Save"/>
            <Button x:Uid="CancelButton" Content="Cancel"/>
            <Button x:Uid="HelpButton" Content="Help" ToolTip="Click for help"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

x:Uid naming conventions:

• Use descriptive names: SaveButton, TitleText
• Unique within the XAML file
• Applied to elements with localizable properties

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3. Project Configuration

3.1 Set UICulture

<!-- .csproj -->
<PropertyGroup>
    <UICulture>en-US</UICulture>
</PropertyGroup>

3.2 Build Output Structure

bin/Release/
├── MyApp.exe
├── MyApp.resources.dll
└── ko-KR/
    └── MyApp.resources.dll    ← Korean satellite assembly

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4. LocBaml Tool Usage

4.1 Extract Resources

# Parse and extract to CSV
LocBaml /parse MyApp.resources.dll /out:en-US.csv

CSV output format:

MyApp.g.en-US.resources:mainwindow.baml,MainWindow:Window.Title,Title,True,True,None,My Application
MyApp.g.en-US.resources:mainwindow.baml,TitleText:TextBlock.Text,Text,True,True,None,Welcome to My Application
MyApp.g.en-US.resources:mainwindow.baml,SaveButton:Button.Content,Content,True,True,None,Save

4.2 Translate CSV

Create ko-KR.csv with translations:

MyApp.g.en-US.resources:mainwindow.baml,MainWindow:Window.Title,Title,True,True,None,내 애플리케이션
MyApp.g.en-US.resources:mainwindow.baml,TitleText:TextBlock.Text,Text,True,True,None,내 애플리케이션에 오신 것을 환영합니다
MyApp.g.en-US.resources:mainwindow.baml,SaveButton:Button.Content,Content,True,True,None,저장

4.3 Generate Satellite Assembly

# Create Korean satellite assembly
LocBaml /generate MyApp.resources.dll /trans:ko-KR.csv /cul:ko-KR /out:.\ko-KR

# Create Japanese satellite assembly
LocBaml /generate MyApp.resources.dll /trans:ja-JP.csv /cul:ja-JP /out:.\ja-JP

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5. Automation Script

# build-localization.ps1
param(
    [string]$ProjectPath = ".",
    [string[]]$Cultures = @("ko-KR", "ja-JP", "de-DE")
)

$OutputPath = "$ProjectPath\bin\Release"
$ResourceDll = "$OutputPath\MyApp.resources.dll"

# Extract base resources
LocBaml /parse $ResourceDll /out:"$OutputPath\en-US.csv"

# Generate satellite assemblies for each culture
foreach ($culture in $Cultures) {
    $csvPath = "$ProjectPath\Localization\$culture.csv"
    $outPath = "$OutputPath\$culture"

    if (Test-Path $csvPath) {
        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $outPath | Out-Null
        LocBaml /generate $ResourceDll /trans:$csvPath /cul:$culture /out:$outPath
        Write-Host "Generated: $culture"
    }
}

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6. Runtime Culture Selection

// App.xaml.cs
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
    // Set culture before any UI is created
    var culture = new CultureInfo("ko-KR");
    Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture;
    Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = culture;

    base.OnStartup(e);
}

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7. Localizable Properties

Element	Localizable Properties
Window	Title
TextBlock	Text
Button	Content, ToolTip
Label	Content
MenuItem	Header
ToolTip	Content

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8. References

• WPF Globalization - Microsoft Docs
• LocBaml Tool - Microsoft Docs