Google Scholar Advanced Search

Construct and execute a Google Scholar search using URL parameters based on the user's natural language description.

Arguments

$ARGUMENTS is a natural language description of the search criteria, e.g.:

• "Search for Einstein's papers on relativity after 2020"
• "Find reviews about CRISPR in Nature"
• "Search for exact phrase 'machine learning' in title only"

Step 1: Parse search criteria into URL parameters

Map the user's intent to Google Scholar URL parameters:

Criteria	Parameter	Example
Keywords	q	q=gastric+cancer
Author	as_sauthors	as_sauthors="Albert Einstein"
Journal/Source	as_publication	as_publication=Nature
Start year	as_ylo	as_ylo=2020
End year	as_yhi	as_yhi=2025
Exact phrase	as_epq	as_epq=machine+learning
Any of these words (OR)	as_oq	as_oq=immunotherapy+checkpoint
Exclude words	as_eq	as_eq=review
Search scope	as_occt	as_occt=title (title only) / as_occt=any (anywhere)
Results per page	num	num=10 (default) or num=20 (max)
Language	hl	hl=en or hl=zh-CN

Construction examples:

• "Einstein 2020 年以后在 Nature 上的论文" → scholar?as_sauthors=Einstein&as_publication=Nature&as_ylo=2020&hl=en
• "标题包含 CRISPR 的论文" → scholar?q=CRISPR&as_occt=title&hl=en
• "精确搜索 'deep learning' 排除 review" → scholar?as_epq=deep+learning&as_eq=review&hl=en
• "搜索 immunotherapy 或 checkpoint 相关论文" → scholar?as_oq=immunotherapy+checkpoint&hl=en

Notes:

• When as_sauthors, as_publication, etc. are used, q can be omitted or used for additional keywords
• Always include hl=en for consistent results
• Use num=10 (default) to minimize CAPTCHA risk

Step 2: Navigate

Use mcp__chrome-devtools__navigate_page:

• url: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?{CONSTRUCTED_PARAMS}

Step 3: Extract results (evaluate_script)

Same extraction script as gs-search step 2:

async () => {
  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
    if (document.querySelector('#gs_res_ccl') || document.querySelector('#gs_captcha_ccl')) break;
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
  }

  if (document.querySelector('#gs_captcha_ccl') || document.body.innerText.includes('unusual traffic')) {
    return { error: 'captcha', message: 'Google Scholar requires CAPTCHA verification. Please complete it in your browser, then tell me to continue.' };
  }

  const items = document.querySelectorAll('#gs_res_ccl .gs_r.gs_or.gs_scl');
  const results = Array.from(items).map((item, i) => {
    const titleEl = item.querySelector('.gs_rt a');
    const meta = item.querySelector('.gs_a')?.textContent || '';
    const parts = meta.split(' - ');
    const authors = parts[0]?.trim() || '';
    const journalYear = parts[1]?.trim() || '';
    const citedByEl = item.querySelector('.gs_fl a[href*="cites"]');

    return {
      n: i + 1,
      title: titleEl?.textContent?.trim() || item.querySelector('.gs_rt')?.textContent?.trim() || '',
      href: titleEl?.href || '',
      authors,
      journalYear,
      citedBy: citedByEl?.textContent?.match(/\d+/)?.[0] || '0',
      citedByUrl: citedByEl?.href || '',
      dataCid: item.getAttribute('data-cid') || '',
      fullTextUrl: (item.querySelector('.gs_ggs a') || item.querySelector('.gs_or_ggsm a'))?.href || '',
      snippet: item.querySelector('.gs_rs')?.textContent?.trim()?.substring(0, 200) || ''
    };
  });

  const totalText = document.querySelector('#gs_ab_md')?.textContent?.trim() || '';
  const currentUrl = window.location.href;
  return { total: totalText, resultCount: results.length, currentUrl, results };
}

Step 4: Report

Advanced search on Google Scholar:
Query parameters: {list the parameters used}
{total}

1. {title}
   Authors: {authors} | {journalYear}
   Cited by: {citedBy} | [Full text]({fullTextUrl})
   Data-CID: {dataCid}

2. ...

Always show the constructed URL parameters so the user understands how the query was built.

Notes

• This skill uses 2 tool calls: navigate_page + evaluate_script
• Google Scholar does NOT support publication type filtering (review, clinical trial, etc.) — use keywords instead
• Impact factor is not available in Google Scholar — use citation count as a proxy
• The key difference from gs-search is URL parameter construction — this skill translates natural language to Google Scholar query parameters