Active Directory Attacks

Purpose

Provide comprehensive techniques for attacking Microsoft Active Directory environments. Covers reconnaissance, credential harvesting, Kerberos attacks, lateral movement, privilege escalation, and domain dominance for red team operations and penetration testing.

Inputs/Prerequisites

• Kali Linux or Windows attack platform
• Domain user credentials (for most attacks)
• Network access to Domain Controller
• Tools: Impacket, Mimikatz, BloodHound, Rubeus, CrackMapExec

Outputs/Deliverables

• Domain enumeration data
• Extracted credentials and hashes
• Kerberos tickets for impersonation
• Domain Administrator access
• Persistent access mechanisms

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Essential Tools

Tool	Purpose
BloodHound	AD attack path visualization
Impacket	Python AD attack tools
Mimikatz	Credential extraction
Rubeus	Kerberos attacks
CrackMapExec	Network exploitation
PowerView	AD enumeration
Responder	LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning

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Core Workflow

🧠 Knowledge Modules (Fractal Skills)

1. Step 1: Kerberos Clock Sync

2. Step 2: AD Reconnaissance with BloodHound

3. Step 3: PowerView Enumeration

4. Password Spraying

5. Kerberoasting

6. AS-REP Roasting

7. DCSync Attack

8. Pass-the-Ticket (Golden Ticket)

9. Silver Ticket

10. Pass-the-Hash

11. OverPass-the-Hash

12. Responder + ntlmrelayx

13. SMB Signing Check

14. ESC1 - Misconfigured Templates

15. ESC8 - Web Enrollment Relay

16. ZeroLogon (CVE-2020-1472)

17. PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-1675)

18. samAccountName Spoofing (CVE-2021-42278/42287)

19. Example 1: Domain Compromise via Kerberoasting

20. Example 2: NTLM Relay to LDAP