TanStack Router Best Practices

Setup

npm install @tanstack/react-router
npm install -D @tanstack/router-plugin

Vite Plugin

// vite.config.ts
import { TanStackRouterVite } from "@tanstack/router-plugin/vite";

export default defineConfig({
    plugins: [TanStackRouterVite(), react()],
});

The plugin generates a type-safe route tree from your file structure.

Router Registration

// src/router.ts
import { createRouter } from "@tanstack/react-router";
import { routeTree } from "./routeTree.gen";

export const router = createRouter({ routeTree });

declare module "@tanstack/react-router" {
    interface Register {
        router: typeof router;
    }
}

This enables type-safe Link, useNavigate, useParams, and useSearch across your entire app.

File-Based Routing

src/routes/
├── __root.tsx           # Root layout (always rendered)
├── index.tsx            # /
├── about.tsx            # /about
├── users/
│   ├── index.tsx        # /users
│   ├── $userId.tsx      # /users/:userId (dynamic param)
│   └── $userId/
│       └── posts.tsx    # /users/:userId/posts
├── _auth/               # Layout route group (no URL segment)
│   ├── route.tsx        # Auth layout wrapper
│   ├── dashboard.tsx    # /dashboard (wrapped in auth layout)
│   └── settings.tsx     # /settings (wrapped in auth layout)
└── _auth.tsx            # Layout route file

Naming Conventions

Pattern	Purpose	Example
`index.tsx`	Index route	`/users`
`$param.tsx`	Dynamic parameter	`/users/:userId`
`_layout/`	Layout group (no URL segment)	Auth wrapper
`_layout.tsx`	Layout route component	Layout with outlet
`$.tsx`	Splat / catch-all	`/files/*`
`(group)/`	Pathless grouping (organization only)	Feature grouping

Root Route

// src/routes/__root.tsx
import { createRootRoute, Outlet } from "@tanstack/react-router";

export const Route = createRootRoute({
    component: () => (
        <>
            <Header />
            <main>
                <Outlet />
            </main>
            <Footer />
        </>
    ),
    notFoundComponent: () => <NotFound />,
    errorComponent: ({ error }) => <ErrorPage error={error} />,
});

Route Components

// src/routes/users/$userId.tsx
import { createFileRoute } from "@tanstack/react-router";

export const Route = createFileRoute("/users/$userId")({
    component: UserPage,
    loader: async ({ params }) => {
        return fetchUser(params.userId);
    },
    errorComponent: ({ error }) => <div>User not found</div>,
});

function UserPage() {
    const { userId } = Route.useParams();
    const user = Route.useLoaderData();

    return <div>{user.name}</div>;
}

Search Params

Type-safe, validated search params using Zod or inline validators:

import { z } from "zod";

const userSearchSchema = z.object({
    page: z.number().default(1),
    sort: z.enum(["name", "date"]).default("name"),
    filter: z.string().optional(),
});

export const Route = createFileRoute("/users/")({
    validateSearch: userSearchSchema,
    component: UsersPage,
});

function UsersPage() {
    const { page, sort, filter } = Route.useSearch();
    const navigate = Route.useNavigate();

    function setPage(newPage: number) {
        navigate({ search: (prev) => ({ ...prev, page: newPage }) });
    }

    return <UserList page={page} sort={sort} filter={filter} />;
}

Search params are validated, defaulted, and fully typed.

Data Loading

Route Loaders

export const Route = createFileRoute("/users/$userId")({
    loader: async ({ params, context }) => {
        const user = await context.queryClient.ensureQueryData(userQueryOptions(params.userId));
        return { user };
    },
});

With TanStack Query

Integrate with TanStack Query for caching and background updates:

import { queryOptions } from "@tanstack/react-query";

function userQueryOptions(userId: string) {
    return queryOptions({
        queryKey: ["users", userId],
        queryFn: () => api.users.getById(userId),
    });
}

export const Route = createFileRoute("/users/$userId")({
    loader: ({ params, context }) => {
        return context.queryClient.ensureQueryData(userQueryOptions(params.userId));
    },
    component: UserPage,
});

function UserPage() {
    const { userId } = Route.useParams();
    const { data: user } = useSuspenseQuery(userQueryOptions(userId));

    return <div>{user.name}</div>;
}

Providing Context

Pass shared dependencies (query client, auth) via router context:

const router = createRouter({
    routeTree,
    context: {
        queryClient,
        auth: undefined!, // set at render time
    },
});

// In root
function App() {
    const auth = useAuth();
    return <RouterProvider router={router} context={{ auth }} />;
}

Authenticated Routes

// src/routes/_auth.tsx
export const Route = createFileRoute("/_auth")({
    beforeLoad: ({ context, location }) => {
        if (!context.auth.isAuthenticated) {
            throw redirect({
                to: "/login",
                search: { redirect: location.href },
            });
        }
    },
    component: () => <Outlet />,
});

All routes under _auth/ are protected. Unauthenticated users are redirected to login with a return URL.

Navigation

Type-Safe Links

import { Link } from "@tanstack/react-router";

<Link to="/users/$userId" params={{ userId: "123" }}>
  View User
</Link>

<Link
  to="/users"
  search={{ page: 2, sort: "name" }}
  activeProps={{ className: "active" }}
>
  Users
</Link>

Programmatic Navigation

const navigate = useNavigate();

navigate({ to: "/users/$userId", params: { userId: "123" } });
navigate({ to: "/users", search: (prev) => ({ ...prev, page: 2 }) });
navigate({ to: "..", replace: true }); // relative navigation

Code Splitting

Lazy-load route components:

// src/routes/dashboard.tsx
import { createFileRoute } from "@tanstack/react-router";

export const Route = createFileRoute("/dashboard")({
    component: () => import("./dashboard-component").then((m) => m.Dashboard),
});

Or use the lazyRouteComponent helper:

import { lazyRouteComponent } from "@tanstack/react-router";

export const Route = createFileRoute("/dashboard")({
    component: lazyRouteComponent(() => import("./dashboard-component")),
});

Pending UI

Show loading states during navigation:

export const Route = createFileRoute("/users")({
    loader: () => fetchUsers(),
    pendingComponent: () => <UserListSkeleton />,
    pendingMinMs: 200, // avoid flash for fast loads
    pendingMs: 1000, // show pending after 1s
});

Not Found Handling

// Per-route
export const Route = createFileRoute("/users/$userId")({
  loader: async ({ params }) => {
    const user = await fetchUser(params.userId);
    if (!user) throw notFound();
    return user;
  },
  notFoundComponent: () => <div>User not found</div>,
});

// Global fallback (in __root.tsx)
notFoundComponent: () => <NotFoundPage />,

Devtools

import { TanStackRouterDevtools } from "@tanstack/router-devtools";

// In root layout
<TanStackRouterDevtools position="bottom-right" />;

tanstack-router