Security Testing & Verification

Built-In Security Tests

This project includes automated tests and verification scripts for all security features.

Testing Rate Limiting

Automated Test Script

# Run the provided test script
node scripts/test-rate-limit.js

What it tests:

• Makes 10 consecutive requests to rate-limited endpoint
• Verifies first 5 succeed (HTTP 200)
• Verifies requests 6-10 are blocked (HTTP 429)
• Tests rate limit reset after 60 seconds

Expected output:

Testing Rate Limiting (5 requests/minute per IP)
Request  1: ✓ 200 - Success
Request  2: ✓ 200 - Success
Request  3: ✓ 200 - Success
Request  4: ✓ 200 - Success
Request  5: ✓ 200 - Success
Request  6: ✗ 429 - Too many requests
Request  7: ✗ 429 - Too many requests
Request  8: ✗ 429 - Too many requests
Request  9: ✗ 429 - Too many requests
Request 10: ✗ 429 - Too many requests

✓ Rate limiting is working correctly!

Manual Testing

# Test rate limiting manually
for i in {1..10}; do
  echo "Request $i:"
  curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" \
    http://localhost:3000/api/test-rate-limit
  sleep 0.1
done

# Expected:
# Requests 1-5: 200
# Requests 6-10: 429

Test Reset After Window

# Make 5 requests
for i in {1..5}; do
  curl http://localhost:3000/api/test-rate-limit
done

# Wait 61 seconds (rate limit window = 60 seconds)
sleep 61

# Try again - should succeed
curl http://localhost:3000/api/test-rate-limit

# Expected: 200 OK (limit reset)

Testing CSRF Protection

Test 1: Request Without Token (Should Fail)

curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/example-protected \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"title": "test"}'

# Expected: 403 Forbidden
# {
#   "error": "CSRF token missing"
# }

Test 2: Request With Valid Token (Should Succeed)

# Step 1: Get CSRF token
TOKEN=$(curl -s http://localhost:3000/api/csrf \
  -c cookies.txt | jq -r '.csrfToken')

# Step 2: Use token in request
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/example-protected \
  -b cookies.txt \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-CSRF-Token: $TOKEN" \
  -d '{"title": "test"}'

# Expected: 200 OK

Test 3: Token Reuse (Should Fail)

# Get token
TOKEN=$(curl -s http://localhost:3000/api/csrf \
  -c cookies.txt | jq -r '.csrfToken')

# Use once (succeeds)
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/example-protected \
  -b cookies.txt \
  -H "X-CSRF-Token: $TOKEN" \
  -d '{"title": "test"}'

# Try to reuse same token (should fail)
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/example-protected \
  -b cookies.txt \
  -H "X-CSRF-Token: $TOKEN" \
  -d '{"title": "test2"}'

# Expected: 403 Forbidden - Token already used

Test 4: Invalid Token (Should Fail)

curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/example-protected \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-CSRF-Token: fake-token-12345" \
  -d '{"title": "test"}'

# Expected: 403 Forbidden
# {
#   "error": "CSRF token invalid"
# }

Testing Input Validation

Test XSS Sanitization

# Test script tags removal
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/example-protected \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-CSRF-Token: <get-token-first>" \
  -d '{"title": "<script>alert(1)</script>"}'

# Expected: 200 OK
# Title sanitized to: "alert(1)"
# < and > removed

Test Length Validation

# Test too-long input
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/example-protected \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-CSRF-Token: <token>" \
  -d "{\"title\": \"$(printf 'A%.0s' {1..200})\"}"

# Expected: 400 Bad Request
# {
#   "error": "Validation failed",
#   "details": {
#     "title": "String must contain at most 100 character(s)"
#   }
# }

Test Email Validation

curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/contact \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "name": "Test User",
    "email": "not-an-email",
    "subject": "Test",
    "message": "Test message"
  }'

# Expected: 400 Bad Request
# {
#   "error": "Validation failed",
#   "details": {
#     "email": "Invalid email"
#   }
# }

Test Required Fields

curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/contact \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "name": "Test User"
  }'

# Expected: 400 Bad Request with missing field errors

Testing Security Headers

Test All Headers

curl -I http://localhost:3000

# Expected headers:
# Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; ...
# X-Frame-Options: DENY
# X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
# (HSTS only in production)

Test CSP

# Check CSP includes required domains
curl -I http://localhost:3000 | grep "Content-Security-Policy"

# Should include:
# - script-src with Clerk domain
# - connect-src with Convex domain
# - frame-src with Stripe domain

Test HSTS (Production Only)

# In production environment
curl -I https://yourapp.com | grep "Strict-Transport-Security"

# Should return:
# Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

Test Protected Route Headers

curl -I http://localhost:3000/dashboard

# Should include:
# X-Robots-Tag: noindex, nofollow

Testing Authentication

Test Unauthenticated Access

# Try to access protected API without auth
curl http://localhost:3000/api/protected-endpoint

# Expected: 401 Unauthorized
# {
#   "error": "Unauthorized",
#   "message": "Authentication required"
# }

Test Authenticated Access

# With valid Clerk session cookie
curl http://localhost:3000/api/protected-endpoint \
  -H "Cookie: __session=<clerk-session-token>"

# Expected: 200 OK (with authorized response)

Test Authorization (Resource Ownership)

# Try to access another user's resource
curl http://localhost:3000/api/posts/user-abc-post-123 \
  -H "Cookie: __session=<different-user-token>"

# Expected: 403 Forbidden
# {
#   "error": "Forbidden",
#   "message": "You do not have access to this resource"
# }

Test Subscription Gating

# Try premium feature with free account
curl http://localhost:3000/api/premium/generate \
  -H "Cookie: __session=<free-user-token>"

# Expected: 403 Forbidden
# {
#   "error": "Forbidden",
#   "message": "Premium subscription required"
# }

Testing Error Handling

Test Production Error Messages

# Set NODE_ENV=production temporarily
export NODE_ENV=production

# Trigger error in API
curl http://localhost:3000/api/error-test

# Expected: Generic message (no stack trace)
# {
#   "error": "Internal server error",
#   "message": "An unexpected error occurred"
# }

Test Development Error Messages

# In development (NODE_ENV=development)
curl http://localhost:3000/api/error-test

# Expected: Detailed error with stack trace
# {
#   "error": "Internal server error",
#   "message": "Specific error message",
#   "stack": "Error: ...\n    at ...",
#   "context": "error-test"
# }

Testing Dependency Security

Run npm Audit

# Check for vulnerabilities
npm audit

# Expected: 0 vulnerabilities
# found 0 vulnerabilities

Run Production Audit

# Only check production dependencies
npm audit --production

# Expected: 0 vulnerabilities

Check Outdated Packages

npm outdated

# Expected: All packages up-to-date
# (or list of safe minor/patch updates available)

Run Security Check Script

bash scripts/security-check.sh

# Expected:
# - 0 vulnerabilities
# - Minimal outdated packages
# - Fix commands if needed

Online Security Testing Tools

Security Headers Scanner

Tool: https://securityheaders.com/

How to use:

1. Deploy your app
2. Enter URL in Security Headers scanner
3. Check for A+ rating

What it checks:

• Content-Security-Policy
• X-Frame-Options
• X-Content-Type-Options
• Strict-Transport-Security
• Referrer-Policy
• Permissions-Policy

Mozilla Observatory

Tool: https://observatory.mozilla.org/

How to use:

1. Enter your deployed URL
2. Run scan
3. Check score (aim for A+)

What it checks:

• Security headers
• Cookie security
• HTTPS configuration
• Subresource integrity
• Content Security Policy

SSL Labs

Tool: https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/

How to use:

1. Enter your domain
2. Wait for scan (takes ~2 minutes)
3. Check for A+ rating

What it checks:

• SSL/TLS configuration
• Certificate validity
• Protocol support
• Cipher suite strength
• HSTS configuration

Pre-Deployment Security Checklist

Run through this checklist before every production deployment:

Environment & Configuration

• All environment variables set in production
• CSRF_SECRET generated and configured (32+ bytes)
• SESSION_SECRET generated and configured (32+ bytes)
• Clerk production keys configured
• Stripe live mode keys configured (if using payments)
• .env.local NOT committed to git

Dependencies

• Run npm audit --production - 0 vulnerabilities
• Run npm outdated - Check for critical updates
• package-lock.json committed
• Next.js on latest stable version

Security Features

• CSRF protection tested (see tests above)
• Rate limiting tested (see tests above)
• Input validation tested (see tests above)
• Security headers verified (securityheaders.com)
• HSTS enabled in production
• Error messages are generic in production

Authentication & Authorization

• Protected routes require authentication
• Resource ownership checked before access
• Subscription status verified for premium features
• Webhook signatures verified (Clerk, Stripe)
• Session expiration handled gracefully

API Security

• All POST/PUT/DELETE routes have CSRF protection
• All public endpoints have rate limiting
• All user input validated with Zod
• All errors handled with error handler utilities
• No sensitive data in logs
• No hardcoded secrets in code

Payment Security (if applicable)

• Using Clerk Billing + Stripe (not handling cards directly)
• Webhooks verified (Svix signatures)
• Subscription status checked on server
• Test mode disabled in production

Testing

• Run rate limit test: node scripts/test-rate-limit.js
• Test CSRF protection manually
• Test input validation with malicious input
• Check security headers: curl -I https://yourapp.com
• Test authentication flows
• Test error handling in production mode

Monitoring

• Error logging configured (Vercel logs)
• Failed auth attempts tracked (Clerk dashboard)
• GitHub Dependabot alerts enabled
• Security headers monitored (automated checks)

Automated Testing Script

security-test.sh

Create a comprehensive test script:

#!/bin/bash

echo "================================="
echo "Security Testing Suite"
echo "================================="
echo ""

# Color codes
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color

# Test counter
PASSED=0
FAILED=0

# Function to run test
run_test() {
    local test_name=$1
    local command=$2
    local expected=$3

    echo -n "Testing $test_name... "

    result=$(eval $command 2>&1)

    if echo "$result" | grep -q "$expected"; then
        echo -e "${GREEN}✓ PASS${NC}"
        ((PASSED++))
    else
        echo -e "${RED}✗ FAIL${NC}"
        echo "  Expected: $expected"
        echo "  Got: $result"
        ((FAILED++))
    fi
}

echo "=== Dependency Security ==="
run_test "npm audit" "npm audit --production" "found 0 vulnerabilities"

echo ""
echo "=== Rate Limiting ==="
echo "Running rate limit test script..."
node scripts/test-rate-limit.js

echo ""
echo "=== Security Headers ==="
run_test "X-Frame-Options" "curl -I http://localhost:3000" "X-Frame-Options: DENY"
run_test "X-Content-Type-Options" "curl -I http://localhost:3000" "X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff"
run_test "Content-Security-Policy" "curl -I http://localhost:3000" "Content-Security-Policy"

echo ""
echo "================================="
echo "Tests Passed: $PASSED"
echo "Tests Failed: $FAILED"
echo "================================="

if [ $FAILED -eq 0 ]; then
    echo -e "${GREEN}All tests passed!${NC}"
    exit 0
else
    echo -e "${RED}Some tests failed!${NC}"
    exit 1
fi

Run it:

bash scripts/security-test.sh

Continuous Security Testing

Add to CI/CD Pipeline

# .github/workflows/security.yml
name: Security Tests

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  security:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '18'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Run npm audit
        run: npm audit --production

      - name: Check for outdated packages
        run: npm outdated || true

      - name: Build application
        run: npm run build

      - name: Start server (background)
        run: npm run dev &
        env:
          NODE_ENV: test

      - name: Wait for server
        run: npx wait-on http://localhost:3000

      - name: Run security tests
        run: bash scripts/security-test.sh

      - name: Stop server
        run: pkill -f "npm run dev"

Manual Penetration Testing

Test XSS in All Input Fields

1. Try these payloads in every input:

   <script>alert('XSS')</script>
   <img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>
   <svg onload=alert('XSS')>
   javascript:alert('XSS')
   "><script>alert('XSS')</script>
   

2. Verify all are sanitized

Test SQL Injection

1. Try these in search/query fields:

   ' OR '1'='1
   '; DROP TABLE users; --
   ' UNION SELECT * FROM users --
   

2. Verify input validation blocks or sanitizes

Test CSRF

1. Create malicious HTML file:

   <form action="http://localhost:3000/api/delete-account" method="POST">
     <input type="hidden" name="confirm" value="yes" />
   </form>
   <script>document.forms[0].submit();</script>
   

2. Open while logged in

3. Verify request blocked (403 Forbidden)

Test Authorization

1. Create resource as User A
2. Try to access/modify as User B
3. Verify 403 Forbidden

What To Monitor Post-Deployment

Daily

• Error rates (Vercel dashboard)
• Failed authentication attempts (Clerk dashboard)
• Rate limit violations (check logs for 429 responses)

Weekly

• Run npm audit --production
• Check GitHub Dependabot alerts
• Review error logs for patterns

Monthly

• Full security audit
• Update dependencies
• Re-run security testing suite
• Check security headers (securityheaders.com)

References

• OWASP Testing Guide: https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/
• Security Headers Scanner: https://securityheaders.com/
• Mozilla Observatory: https://observatory.mozilla.org/
• SSL Labs: https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/
• npm Audit: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v8/commands/npm-audit

Next Steps

• For fixing issues: Use appropriate security skill (csrf-protection, rate-limiting, etc.)
• For deployment: Complete pre-deployment checklist above
• For monitoring: Set up automated security scans in CI/CD
• For ongoing maintenance: Run monthly security audit