Extract Rules

Analyzes existing codebase to identify what Claude would get wrong without project-specific guidance, extracting coding rules and domain knowledge as structured markdown documentation for AI agents.

Usage

/extract-rules                      # Extract rules from codebase (initial)
/extract-rules --update             # Re-scan and add new patterns (preserve existing)
/extract-rules --restructure        # Re-analyze, reorganize structure, merge existing rules
/extract-rules --from-conversation  # Extract rules from conversation and append
/extract-rules --from-pr 123                   # カレントリポのPR指定
/extract-rules --from-pr owner/repo#123        # 他リポのPR指定（URL形式も可）
/extract-rules --from-pr 100..110              # 範囲指定（カレントリポ）
/extract-rules --from-pr owner/repo#100..110   # 範囲指定（他リポ）
# 複数指定可（スペース区切り）→ 横断分析で組織重視の原則を検出

Configuration

Settings file: extract-rules.local.md (YAML frontmatter only, no markdown body)

Project-level: .claude/extract-rules.local.md (takes precedence)
User-level: ~/.claude/extract-rules.local.md

Setting	Default	Description
`target_dirs`	`["."]`	Analysis target directories
`exclude_dirs`	`[".git", ".claude"]`	Exclude directories (in addition to .gitignore)
`exclude_patterns`	`[]`	Exclude file patterns (e.g., `.generated.ts`, `.d.ts`)
`output_dir`	`.claude/rules`	Output directory
`language`	(none)	Report output language (e.g., `ja`)
`split_output`	`true`	Separate Principles (.md) and patterns (.local.md)
`resolve_references`	`true`	Resolve file references during restructure

---
target_dirs:
  - .
exclude_dirs:
  - .git
  - .claude
exclude_patterns:
  - "*.generated.ts"
output_dir: .claude/rules
language: ja
split_output: true
resolve_references: true
---

Output Structure

Default (split_output: true):

.claude/rules/
├── languages/
│   ├── typescript.md          # Principles only (portable)
│   ├── typescript.local.md    # Project-specific patterns only
│   └── ...
├── frameworks/
│   ├── react.md               # Principles only (portable)
│   ├── react.local.md         # Project-specific patterns only
│   └── ...
└── project.md                 # Always single file (no split)

Principles (portable across projects) and Project-specific patterns (local) are separated by default. This enables organizational rule sharing and AI-driven merge across projects.

Hybrid mode (split_output: false):

.claude/rules/
├── languages/
│   └── typescript.md    # Principles + Project-specific patterns
├── frameworks/
│   └── react.md         # Principles + Project-specific patterns
└── project.md           # Domain, architecture, conventions

Layered frameworks (Rails, Django, Spring, etc.): When a framework has distinct architectural layers, generate layer-specific files:

<framework>.md — Cross-layer rules (no paths: or broad scope)
<framework>-<layer>.md — Layer-specific rules with scoped paths: (e.g., app/models/**)
In split mode, both cross-layer and layer-specific files get .local.md counterparts

Integration libraries (Inertia, Pundit, Devise, Turbo, etc.): When integration libraries are detected alongside a layered framework:

integrations/<framework>-<integration>.md — Integration-specific rules
Separated from layer files into dedicated integrations/ directory
Framework name is included because rules differ by host framework (e.g., Rails: render inertia: vs Laravel: Inertia::render())
In split mode, integration files also get .local.md counterparts

Example output with integrations:

.claude/rules/
├── languages/
│   └── ruby.md
├── frameworks/
│   ├── rails.md
│   ├── rails-controllers.md
│   └── rails-models.md
├── integrations/
│   ├── rails-inertia.md
│   └── rails-pundit.md
└── project.md

Format switching: Run --restructure after changing split_output setting to switch between split and hybrid formats.

Processing Flow

Mode Detection

Check arguments to determine mode:

No arguments → Full Extraction Mode (Step 1-7)
--update → Update Mode (Step U1-U6)
--restructure → Restructure Mode (Step R1-R5)
--from-conversation → Conversation Extraction Mode (Step C1-C4)
--from-pr <number|owner/repo#number|range> [...] → PR Review Extraction Mode (Step P1-P5)

Full Extraction Mode

Step 1: Load Settings

Search for extract-rules.local.md:

Project-level: .claude/extract-rules.local.md
User-level: ~/.claude/extract-rules.local.md

Priority:

If both exist, use project-level only
If only one exists, use that file
If neither exists, use default settings

Extract settings (target_dirs, exclude_dirs, exclude_patterns, output_dir, language, split_output, resolve_references) from the config file. See Configuration section above for defaults.

Step 2: Detect Project Type

Detect project language and framework:

1. Check configuration files:

package.json → Node.js/TypeScript/JavaScript
tsconfig.json → TypeScript
pyproject.toml, requirements.txt → Python
go.mod → Go
Cargo.toml → Rust
Gemfile → Ruby/Rails
pom.xml, build.gradle → Java

2. Count file extensions:

.ts, .tsx → TypeScript
.js, .jsx → JavaScript
.py → Python
.go → Go
.rb → Ruby

3. Detect framework-specific files:

Identify frameworks by their config files (e.g., next.config.*, playwright.config.*, jest.config.*) and dependencies in package.json, requirements.txt, Gemfile, etc.

4. Detect architectural layers (for layered frameworks):

If a framework has distinct layers with separate directories (e.g., Rails: app/models/, app/controllers/, app/views/; Django: models.py, views.py; Spring: controller/, service/, repository/), detect them for layer-specific rule files. Only split when corresponding directories actually exist.

5. Detect integration libraries (for layered frameworks):

Read references/integration-criteria.md for detection rules and classification criteria.

Output: List of detected languages, frameworks, architectural layers, and integration libraries

Step 3: Collect Sample Files

Collect target files for analysis:

Get git-tracked files (if in a git repository)
- Use git ls-files to get list of tracked files
- This automatically respects ALL .gitignore files (root and subdirectories)
- If not a git repo, fall back to Glob with manual exclusions:
  - Read .gitignore if present and apply patterns
  - Apply exclude_dirs and exclude_patterns from settings
  - Note: Nested .gitignore files may not be fully respected in non-git mode
Filter files by target_dirs setting
Exclude files matching:
- exclude_dirs from settings
- exclude_patterns from settings
Filter by detected language extensions
Sample files per category, distributed across directories for representative coverage
- Target: 10-15 files per category (language/framework)
- For large projects (100+ files per category): prioritize diversity across directories over quantity
- For small projects (<10 files per category): analyze all files

Step 4: Analyze by Category

Read references/extraction-criteria.md before proceeding to understand the classification criteria. The core question for every pattern is: "Would Claude produce something different without knowing this?" — extract only what fills the gap between Claude's general knowledge and this project's actual conventions.

For each detected language, framework, and integration library:

Use Grep/Read to collect relevant code patterns

1.5. Separate integration-specific patterns (for layered frameworks with integrations): See references/integration-criteria.md "Pattern routing" section.

Classify each pattern (see references/extraction-criteria.md):
- General style choice (uses only language built-ins) → Abstract principle + hints
- Project-defined symbol (types, functions, hooks defined in project) → Include concrete example
For general style patterns:
- Group related patterns (e.g., "prefer const", "avoid mutations", "use spread" → Immutability)
- Formulate as principle with parenthetical implementation hints (2-4 keywords)
For project-specific patterns:
- Extract only the minimal signature (type definition, function signature, or API combination)
- Format as one line: signature - brief context (2-5 words)
- Avoid multi-line code blocks to minimize context overhead
Apply AI judgment to determine which patterns meet the extraction criteria (see references/extraction-criteria.md)

Determine appropriate detection methods based on language and project structure.

Step 5: Analyze Documentation and Existing Rules

Also analyze non-code documentation:

README.md
CONTRIBUTING.md
PR templates
Existing CLAUDE.md

Extract explicit coding rules and guidelines from these documents.

Deduplication check: Read any files under .claude/rules/ to build a set of already-documented rules. Rules extracted in Step 4 that overlap with these existing rules should be skipped to avoid duplication. Note: CLAUDE.md is NOT a deduplication source — rules should exist in .claude/rules/ even if also mentioned in CLAUDE.md, because rule files are portable across projects via merge-rules. This check applies to all modes (Full Extraction, Update, Conversation, PR Review).

Step 6: Generate Output

Read references/security.md before generating output to ensure sensitive information is not included.

Check if output directory exists
- If exists: Error "Output directory already exists. Use --restructure to reorganize, --update to add new patterns, or delete the directory manually to start fresh."
- If not exists: Create directory
Generate rule files per category:
- languages/<lang>.md for language-specific rules
- frameworks/<framework>.md for framework-specific rules
- project.md for project-specific rules
- Layered frameworks: <framework>.md (cross-layer) + <framework>-<layer>.md per detected layer with scoped paths:
- Integration libraries: See references/integration-criteria.md "Output structure" section.
By default (split_output: true): Generate 2 files per category (except project.md):
- <name>.md — ## Principles only (portable)
- <name>.local.md — ## Project-specific patterns only (local)
- Layer-specific and regular files require paths: frontmatter independently. Cross-layer files (<framework>.md) use no paths: or broad scope as they apply across all layers.
- Skip generating a file if it would be empty. Skipped files are omitted from the Step 7 report.
When split_output: false: Generate single hybrid file per category with both sections.

Rule file format (hybrid example):

---
paths:
  - "**/*.ts"
  - "**/*.tsx"
---
# TypeScript Rules

## Principles

- FP only (no classes, pure functions, composition over inheritance)
- Strict null handling (no non-null assertions, explicit narrowing required)
- Barrel exports required (re-export from index.ts per directory)

## Project-specific patterns

- `RefOrNull<T extends { id: string }> = T | { id: null }` - nullable relationships
- `pathFor(page) + url()` - Page Object navigation pair
- `useAuthClient()` returns `{ user, login, logout }` - auth hook interface

Format guidelines:

For Principles section:

Each principle: Principle name (hint1, hint2, hint3)
Principle name: noun phrase naming the philosophy (e.g., "Immutability" not "Use const")
Hints: 2-4 keywords per principle, describing implementation techniques observed in the project
Only for general style choices (language built-ins)

For Project-specific patterns section:

One line per pattern: `signature` - brief context
Use inline code for signatures, not code blocks
Keep context to 2-5 words
Only include the minimal signature: type name, function signature with return type, or API combination
Example of minimal: useAuth() → { user, login, logout } (not full implementation)

paths patterns by category:

TypeScript: **/*.ts, **/*.tsx
Python: **/*.py
React: **/*.tsx, **/*.jsx
Integration libraries: scope paths: to layers where the integration is used (e.g., Inertia in controllers: app/controllers/**)
(project.md: no paths frontmatter = applies to all files)

Step 6.5: Security Self-Check

After generating all rule files, verify no sensitive information was included:

Grep generated/updated files for patterns that may indicate secrets:
- Long hex strings: [0-9a-fA-F]{20,}
- Base64-like strings: [A-Za-z0-9+/=]{40,}
- Keyword-adjacent literals: (key|token|secret|password|credential)\s*[:=]\s*["'][^"']+
- Internal URLs: (internal|staging|localhost:[0-9]+)
If found, redact with placeholders (e.g., API_KEY_REDACTED) and warn the user

Note: This check applies to all modes that generate or update rule files (Full Extraction, Update, Restructure, Conversation Extraction).

Step 7: Report Summary

Display analysis summary. See references/report-templates.md for format.

Update Mode

When --update is specified, re-scan the codebase and add new patterns while preserving existing rules.

Step U1: Load Settings and Check Prerequisites

Load settings from extract-rules.local.md (same as Step 1 in Full Extraction Mode)
Check if output directory exists (default: .claude/rules/)
- If not exists: Error "Run /extract-rules first to initialize rule files."
- If split_output: true and hybrid files exist (.md files containing both ## Principles and ## Project-specific patterns): warn that hybrid files were found — recommend running --restructure to migrate to split format
- If split_output: false and .local.md files exist: warn that orphaned .local.md files were found — recommend deleting orphaned files manually or running --restructure
Load existing rule files to understand current rules (load both <name>.md and <name>.local.md when split)

Step U2: Re-scan Codebase

Execute Step 2-5 from Full Extraction Mode:

Detect project type
Collect sample files
Analyze by category
Analyze documentation

Step U3: Staleness Check

Before adding new rules, check existing project-specific patterns for staleness:

Collect patterns from ## Project-specific patterns sections:
- When split_output: true: from .local.md files
- When split_output: false: from ## Project-specific patterns sections in .md files
For each pattern that has an inline code signature (`symbol`), verify the symbol still exists in the codebase using Grep
- Skip patterns without searchable symbols (e.g., principles, anti-patterns like "No default exports")
- For combination patterns (e.g., `pathFor() + url()`), check each symbol individually
Patterns whose symbols can no longer be found → Flag as potentially stale in the Step U6 report
Do NOT auto-delete stale rules — only report them for user review

This prevents rule files from growing indefinitely as the codebase evolves.

Step U4: Compare and Merge

For each extracted principle/pattern:

Check if already exists: Compare with existing rules (check both shared and local files if split_output: true)
- Exact match → Skip
- Similar but different → Keep both (let user review)
- New → Add
Preserve manual edits: Do not modify existing rules

Step U5: Append New Rules

New category detected (e.g., new framework/language): Create new rule files following Step 6 format. Report as "New" in Step U6.
Append new principles to ## Principles section
Append new project-specific patterns to ## Project-specific patterns section
When split_output: true: Principles go to <name>.md, patterns go to <name>.local.md. Create missing files with proper frontmatter.
For project.md: always append to the single file
Maintain file structure and formatting

Step U5.5: Security Self-Check

Run Security Self-Check (same as Step 6.5) on new/updated files.

Step U6: Report Changes

Report what was added per file. Also report any stale rules found in Step U3. See references/report-templates.md for format.

Restructure Mode

When --restructure is specified, re-analyze the codebase to determine the optimal file structure, then merge existing rule content into the new structure. Use this when the project has evolved (new frameworks, architectural changes), when split_output settings change, or after updating the extract-rules skill itself.

Step R1: Load Settings and Snapshot Existing Rules

Load settings (same as Step 1 in Full Extraction Mode)
Check output directory exists → Error if not: "Run /extract-rules first to initialize rule files."
Read and parse all existing rule files under output directory (.md and .local.md)

Step R2: Re-analyze Codebase

Execute Step 2-5 from Full Extraction Mode to determine the ideal file structure.

Step R2.5: Resolve File References

Skip this step if resolve_references is false. Default is true.

Scan existing rule content (loaded in R1) for file references (Markdown links, text references like "See <path>", @path references), resolve them, extract rules from referenced files, and merge into the R1 snapshot. Rules from references are treated as existing rules (take priority on conflict in R4). See references/resolve-references.md for detailed processing steps.

Step R3: Show Restructure Plan and Confirm

Compare old and new file structures, display planned changes (Keep/New/Remove per file), and wait for user confirmation before proceeding. If references were resolved in R2.5, include the number of rules extracted from referenced files in the plan display so the user understands where additional rules came from.

Step R4: Merge and Write

Fresh extraction results as base, route existing rules (including rules extracted from resolved references) to appropriate new files by category/scope/layer/integration
Existing rules take priority on conflict (respect manual edits, conversation-extracted rules, and reference-extracted rules)
Unmatched rules → project.md as fallback; preserve custom sections in the most relevant file
Apply split_output setting (handle hybrid ↔ split transitions), deduplicate
Write new files first, then remove old files no longer in the new structure

Step R4.5: Security Self-Check

Run Security Self-Check (same as Step 6.5) on all generated files.

Step R5: Report Summary

Report structural changes, content merge summary, unmatched rules, and reference resolution results. See references/report-templates.md for format.

Conversation Extraction Mode

When --from-conversation is specified, extract rules from the conversation history.

Step C1: Load Settings and Check Prerequisites

Load settings from extract-rules.local.md (same as Step 1 in Full Extraction Mode)
Check if output directory exists (default: .claude/rules/)
- If not exists: Error "Run /extract-rules first to initialize rule files."
Load existing rule files to understand current rules (if split_output: true, load both <name>.md and <name>.local.md)

Step C2: Analyze Conversation Context

Analyze the current conversation context to identify coding style discussions, preferences, and corrections.

User corrections are the highest-value signal — look for patterns where:
- The user rejected Claude's approach and redirected (e.g., "no, we do X instead", "don't use Y here")
- The user modified Claude's generated code in a way that reveals a convention
- The user explained why a particular approach is preferred in this project
Focus on user instructions, code review feedback, and explicit style preferences
Note: If context was compacted, history may be limited — extract what is available. Run --from-conversation soon after corrections happen, not at the end of a long session, to avoid losing context to compaction.

Step C3: Extract Principles and Patterns

Look for user preferences and classify them (same as Full Extraction Mode):

1. General best practice feedback → Skip (do NOT extract):

"Use const" "No magic numbers" "DRY" "Early returns" → General knowledge, AI already knows Only extract if the project/team has made a specific choice beyond general best practices:
"We use FP only, no classes" → Team-specific paradigm choice

2. Project-specific patterns → Extract with concrete examples:

"Use RefOrNull<T> for nullable refs" → Include type definition
"Always use pathFor() with url()" → Include usage pattern

3. Code review feedback: Identify underlying philosophy or specific patterns

Apply the same criteria as Full Extraction Mode (see references/extraction-criteria.md).

Step C4: Append Principles and Patterns

Categorize each extracted item:
- Language-specific → languages/<lang>.md
- Framework-specific → frameworks/<framework>.md
- Integration-specific → integrations/<framework>-<integration>.md
- Project-level → project.md
By default (split_output: true): Conversation-extracted project-specific patterns always go to .local.md files. Principles may be added to shared files. project.md is always a single file — project-level items go there regardless of split_output. Promoting patterns to shared files should be done manually or via organization-level merge.
Check for duplicates: Skip if already exists or covered
Append using the same format as Step 6 (see Format guidelines)
Run Security Self-Check (same as Step 6.5) on updated files.
Report what was added. See references/report-templates.md for format.

PR Review Extraction Mode

When --from-pr is specified, extract rules from PR review comments (human comments only). Single or multiple PRs can be specified. Numbers and URLs can be mixed. Cross-repository PRs are allowed.

Read references/pr-review-mode.md for the full processing steps (P1-P5). Key flow:

Check prerequisites (gh CLI authentication)
Parse all PR arguments, validate each PR exists
Fetch review comments from GitHub API (3 endpoints per PR), filter bot comments
Extract principles and patterns (same criteria as references/extraction-criteria.md)
Multiple PRs: Cross-PR frequency analysis — general best practices that are repeatedly pointed out across different PRs are promoted as organizational emphasis (reframed with specific application context, not just restated)
Append to existing rule files (same as Step C4)