Finance Audit

Overview

Comprehensive financial audit tool that validates balance sheets and income statements. Performs four core audits: balance sheet equilibrium, income statement verification, account change tracking, and cross-statement relationship validation.

Quick Start

Basic Balance Sheet Audit

Verify balance sheet with account changes:

scripts/reconcile.py \
    --balance-sheet balance_sheet.xlsx \
    --account-changes account_changes.xlsx \
    --output audit_report.xlsx

Complete Financial Audit (Balance Sheet + Income Statement)

Full audit including profit statement:

scripts/reconcile.py \
    --balance-sheet balance_sheet.xlsx \
    --account-changes account_changes.xlsx \
    --income-statement income_statement.xlsx \
    --income-details income_details.xlsx \
    --transactions transactions.xlsx \
    --output complete_audit.xlsx \
    --period "2024年1月"

Using Custom Column Names

Use JSON config file for custom column names:

scripts/reconcile.py \
    --balance-sheet bs.xlsx \
    --account-changes ac.xlsx \
    --config my_config.json

Command Parameters

Parameter	Short	Required	Description
--balance-sheet	-b	Yes	Balance sheet file path
--account-changes	-a	Yes	Account change details file path
--income-statement	-i	No	Income statement file path
--income-details	-d	No	Income statement details file path
--transactions	-t	No	Transaction details file path
--output	-o	No	Output Excel audit report path
--period	-p	No	Audit period (default: 本期)
--tolerance	-	No	Tolerance for acceptable difference (default: 0.01)
--config	-c	No	JSON config file for column names
--bs-sheet	-	No	Balance sheet sheet name or index
--ac-sheet	-	No	Account changes sheet name or index
--is-sheet	-	No	Income statement sheet name or index
--id-sheet	-	No	Income details sheet name or index
--trans-sheet	-	No	Transaction details sheet name or index

Required File Formats

1. Balance Sheet (资产负债表) - Required

Column	Description
科目	Account name
期初余额	Opening balance
期末余额	Closing balance
类型	Account type (资产/负债/所有者权益)
金额	Amount for totals

2. Account Changes (科目变动明细表) - Required

Column	Description
科目	Account name
借方	Debit amount
贷方	Credit amount

3. Income Statement (利润表) - Optional

Column	Description
项目	Income statement item
金额	Amount

4. Income Details (利润明细表) - Optional

Column	Description
项目	Item name (must match income statement)
金额	Detail amount

5. Transactions (交易明细表) - Optional

Column	Description
科目	Affected account
借方	Debit amount
贷方	Credit amount
日期 (optional)	Transaction date
凭证号 (optional)	Voucher number

See references/file_formats.md for detailed format specifications and custom column configuration.

Audit Objectives

The script performs four core audit objectives:

1. Balance Sheet Equilibrium Verification

Formula: 资产总计 = 负债总计 + 所有者权益总计

Verifies that the balance sheet is balanced overall.

2. Income Statement Verification

Logic: Income statement items = Corresponding detail summary

Validates each income statement item (revenue, expenses, etc.) against detail records.

3. Account Change Tracking

Logic: Opening Balance + Changes = Closing Balance

For each account:

• Asset accounts: Closing = Opening + Debit - Credit
• Liability/Equity accounts: Closing = Opening + Credit - Debit

4. Cross-Statement Relationship Validation

Logic: Retained earnings change ≈ Net profit

Validates relationships between balance sheet and income statement.

See references/verification_rules.md for detailed audit logic and troubleshooting.

Audit Outputs

Console Report

================================================================================
                              财务审计报告 - 本期
================================================================================

一、审计概述
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
审计结果: 通过 ✓

二、资产负债表审计
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
资产总计: ¥1,000,000.00
负债总计: ¥600,000.00
所有者权益总计: ¥400,000.00
资产负债平衡: 是 ✓

三、利润表审计
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
利润项目匹配: 5/5

四、报表勾稽关系
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
净利润: ¥100,000.00
未分配利润变动: ¥100,000.00
勾稽关系验证: 通过 ✓

五、不平衡项目清单
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  无不平衡项目

Excel Audit Report

When --output is specified, generates an Excel file with these sheets:

Sheet	Content
审计报告	Full audit report text
科目变动分析	Account analysis with opening/closing balances
交易影响追踪	Transaction impact tracking
利润表核对	Income statement verification results
不平衡项	List of unbalanced items

Account Change Analysis Table

科目	科目类型	期初余额	借方变动	贷方变动	净变动	期末余额	是否平衡	差异
货币资金	资产	100000	20000	0	20000	120000	是	0

Using the Script as a Module

from scripts.reconcile import (
    audit_financial_statements,
    generate_audit_report,
    export_audit_report
)

result, accounts = audit_financial_statements(
    balance_sheet_file='balance_sheet.xlsx',
    account_changes_file='account_changes.xlsx',
    income_statement_file='income_statement.xlsx',
    income_details_file='income_details.xlsx',
    transactions_file='transactions.xlsx',
    tolerance=0.01,
    period='2024年1月'
)

# Print console report
print(generate_audit_report(result, period='2024年1月'))

# Export Excel report
export_audit_report(result, 'audit_report.xlsx', accounts, period='2024年1月')

# Check audit result
if result.is_passed:
    print("Audit passed!")
else:
    print(f"Found {len(result.unbalanced_items)} unbalanced items")

Tolerance Setting

Default tolerance is ±0.01 yuan. Adjust with --tolerance:

scripts/reconcile.py \
    --balance-sheet bs.xlsx \
    --account-changes ac.xlsx \
    --tolerance 1.0

Consider these factors when setting tolerance:

• Exchange rate fluctuations (for foreign currency)
• System precision differences
• Rounding errors

Troubleshooting

Balance Sheet Not Balanced

Possible causes:

• Incorrect balance entries
• Incorrect totals calculation
• Opening/closing mismatch

Solutions:

1. Check balance sheet total rows
2. Verify account balances
3. Check account type classification

Account Changes Unbalanced

Possible causes:

• Missing change records
• Incorrect debit/credit direction
• Account name mismatch

Solutions:

1. Ensure account names match exactly
2. Verify debit/credit records
3. Check for missing change records

Income Statement Not Matching

Possible causes:

• Missing detail items
• Inconsistent item names
• Incorrect summary calculation

Solutions:

1. Ensure detail table includes all items
2. Check item name consistency
3. Verify summary calculations

Cross-Statement Relationship Failed

Possible causes:

• Profit distribution (dividends, retained earnings)
• Mismatched accounting periods
• Incorrect net profit calculation

Solutions:

1. Consider profit distribution events
2. Verify income statement net profit
3. Confirm period consistency

Resources

scripts/reconcile.py

Core audit script supporting:

• Balance sheet equilibrium verification
• Income statement validation
• Account change tracking
• Cross-statement relationship validation
• Transaction impact tracing
• Comprehensive audit report generation

references/file_formats.md

Detailed file format specifications, column name mapping, and configuration options.

references/verification_rules.md

Comprehensive audit rules, validation logic, output examples, and troubleshooting guide.