Claude Code Plugins System - Complete Reference (January 2026)

Plugins extend Claude Code with skills, agents, hooks, MCP servers, and LSP servers. This reference provides complete technical specifications for creating and distributing plugins.

---

Plugin Components Overview

Plugins can include any combination of:

• Skills: SKILL.md directories that Claude can invoke automatically
• Commands: Markdown files creating /name shortcuts (legacy; use skills instead)
• Agents: Specialized subagents for specific tasks
• Hooks: Event handlers responding to Claude Code events
• MCP Servers: Model Context Protocol servers for external tool integration
• LSP Servers: Language Server Protocol servers for code intelligence

---

plugin.json Schema

The plugin.json file in .claude-plugin/ defines your plugin's metadata and configuration.

Complete Schema Example

{
  "name": "plugin-name",
  "version": "1.2.0",
  "description": "Brief plugin description",
  "author": {
    "name": "Author Name",
    "email": "author@example.com",
    "url": "https://github.com/author"
  },
  "homepage": "https://docs.example.com/plugin",
  "repository": "https://github.com/author/plugin",
  "license": "MIT",
  "keywords": ["keyword1", "keyword2"],
  "commands": ["./custom/commands/special.md"],
  "agents": "./custom/agents/",
  "skills": "./custom/skills/",
  "hooks": "./config/hooks.json",
  "mcpServers": "./mcp-config.json",
  "outputStyles": "./styles/",
  "lspServers": "./.lsp.json"
}

Required Fields

Field	Type	Description	Example
name	string	Unique identifier (kebab-case, no spaces)	"deployment-tools"

Metadata Fields

Field	Type	Description	Example
version	string	Semantic version	"2.1.0"
description	string	Brief explanation of plugin purpose	"Deployment automation tools"
author	object	Author information	{"name": "Dev Team", "email": "dev@company.com"}
homepage	string	Documentation URL	"https://docs.example.com"
repository	string	Source code URL	"https://github.com/user/plugin"
license	string	License identifier	"MIT", "Apache-2.0"
keywords	array	Discovery tags	["deployment", "ci-cd"]

Component Path Fields

Field	Type	Description	Example
commands	string|array	Additional command files/directories	"./custom/cmd.md" or ["./cmd1.md"]
agents	array	Agent file paths (must be array of individual files, NOT directory string)	["./agents/reviewer.md"]
skills	string|array	Additional skill directories	"./custom/skills/"
hooks	string|object	Hook config path or inline config	"./hooks.json"
mcpServers	string|object	MCP config path or inline config	"./mcp-config.json"
outputStyles	string|array	Additional output style files/directories	"./styles/"
lspServers	string|object	Language Server Protocol config for code intelligence (go to definition, etc.)	"./.lsp.json"

Path behavior rules:

• Custom paths supplement default directories - they don't replace them
• If commands/ exists, it's loaded in addition to custom command paths
• All paths must be relative to plugin root and start with ./
• Multiple paths can be specified as arrays
• CRITICAL: agents field must ALWAYS be an array of individual file paths, never a directory string

Common validation errors:

// CORRECT agents field
"agents": ["./agents/security-reviewer.md", "./agents/code-formatter.md"]

// INCORRECT - will fail validation
"agents": "./agents/"
"agents": "./custom/agents/"

---

Plugin Directory Structure

Standard Layout

enterprise-plugin/
├── .claude-plugin/           # Metadata directory
│   └── plugin.json          # Required: plugin manifest
├── commands/                 # Default command location
│   ├── status.md
│   └── logs.md
├── agents/                   # Default agent location
│   ├── security-reviewer.md
│   ├── performance-tester.md
│   └── compliance-checker.md
├── skills/                   # Agent Skills
│   ├── code-reviewer/
│   │   └── SKILL.md
│   └── pdf-processor/
│       ├── SKILL.md
│       └── scripts/
├── hooks/                    # Hook configurations
│   ├── hooks.json           # Main hook config
│   └── security-hooks.json  # Additional hooks
├── .mcp.json                # MCP server definitions
├── .lsp.json                # LSP server configurations
├── scripts/                 # Hook and utility scripts
│   ├── security-scan.sh
│   ├── format-code.py
│   └── deploy.js
├── LICENSE                  # License file
└── CHANGELOG.md             # Version history

Critical: The .claude-plugin/ directory contains ONLY the plugin.json file. All other directories (commands/, agents/, skills/, hooks/) must be at the plugin root, not inside .claude-plugin/.

File Locations Reference

Component	Default Location	Purpose
Manifest	.claude-plugin/plugin.json	Required metadata file
Commands	commands/	Skill Markdown files (legacy; use skills/)
Agents	agents/	Subagent Markdown files
Skills	skills/	Skills with <name>/SKILL.md structure
Hooks	hooks/hooks.json	Hook configuration
MCP servers	.mcp.json	MCP server definitions
LSP servers	.lsp.json	Language server configurations

---

Plugin Components Reference

Skills

Plugins add skills to Claude Code, creating /name shortcuts that you or Claude can invoke.

Location: skills/ or commands/ directory in plugin root

Skill structure:

skills/
├── pdf-processor/
│   ├── SKILL.md
│   ├── reference.md (optional)
│   └── scripts/ (optional)
└── code-reviewer/
    └── SKILL.md

Integration behavior:

• Skills and commands are automatically discovered when the plugin is installed
• Claude can invoke them automatically based on task context
• Skills can include supporting files alongside SKILL.md

Agents

Plugins can provide specialized subagents for specific tasks that Claude can invoke automatically when appropriate.

Location: agents/ directory in plugin root

File format: Markdown files with YAML frontmatter describing agent capabilities

Integration points:

• Agents appear in the /agents interface
• Claude can invoke agents automatically based on task context
• Agents can be invoked manually by users
• Plugin agents work alongside built-in Claude agents

Hooks

Plugins can provide event handlers that respond to Claude Code events automatically.

Location: hooks/hooks.json in plugin root, or inline in plugin.json

Format: JSON configuration with event matchers and actions

Hook configuration:

{
  "hooks": {
    "PostToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "Write|Edit",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/scripts/format-code.sh"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Available events:

• PreToolUse: Before Claude uses any tool
• PostToolUse: After Claude successfully uses any tool
• PostToolUseFailure: After Claude tool execution fails
• PermissionRequest: When a permission dialog is shown
• UserPromptSubmit: When user submits a prompt
• Notification: When Claude Code sends notifications
• Stop: When Claude attempts to stop
• SubagentStart: When a subagent is started
• SubagentStop: When a subagent attempts to stop
• Setup: When --init, --init-only, or --maintenance flags are used
• SessionStart: At the beginning of sessions
• SessionEnd: At the end of sessions
• PreCompact: Before conversation history is compacted

For complete hook reference and examples, see Claude Hooks Reference

Hook types:

• command: Execute shell commands or scripts
• prompt: Evaluate a prompt with an LLM (uses $ARGUMENTS placeholder for context)
• agent: Run an agentic verifier with tools for complex verification tasks

MCP Servers

Plugins can bundle Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers to connect Claude Code with external tools and services.

Location: .mcp.json in plugin root, or inline in plugin.json

Format: Standard MCP server configuration

MCP server configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "plugin-database": {
      "command": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/servers/db-server",
      "args": ["--config", "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/config.json"],
      "env": {
        "DB_PATH": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/data"
      }
    },
    "plugin-api-client": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["@company/mcp-server", "--plugin-mode"],
      "cwd": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}"
    }
  }
}

Integration behavior:

• Plugin MCP servers start automatically when the plugin is enabled
• Servers appear as standard MCP tools in Claude's toolkit
• Server capabilities integrate seamlessly with Claude's existing tools
• Plugin servers can be configured independently of user MCP servers

LSP Servers

Plugins can provide Language Server Protocol (LSP) servers to give Claude real-time code intelligence while working on your codebase.

LSP integration provides:

• Instant diagnostics: Claude sees errors and warnings immediately after each edit
• Code navigation: go to definition, find references, and hover information
• Language awareness: type information and documentation for code symbols

Location: .lsp.json in plugin root, or inline in plugin.json

Format: JSON configuration mapping language server names to their configurations

.lsp.json file format:

{
  "go": {
    "command": "gopls",
    "args": ["serve"],
    "extensionToLanguage": {
      ".go": "go"
    }
  }
}

Inline in plugin.json:

{
  "name": "my-plugin",
  "lspServers": {
    "go": {
      "command": "gopls",
      "args": ["serve"],
      "extensionToLanguage": {
        ".go": "go"
      }
    }
  }
}

Required fields:

Field	Description
command	The LSP binary to execute (must be in PATH)
extensionToLanguage	Maps file extensions to language identifiers

Optional fields:

Field	Description
args	Command-line arguments for the LSP server
transport	Communication transport: stdio (default) or socket
env	Environment variables to set when starting the server
initializationOptions	Options passed to the server during initialization
settings	Settings passed via workspace/didChangeConfiguration
workspaceFolder	Workspace folder path for the server
startupTimeout	Max time to wait for server startup (milliseconds)
shutdownTimeout	Max time to wait for graceful shutdown (milliseconds)
restartOnCrash	Whether to automatically restart the server if it crashes
maxRestarts	Maximum number of restart attempts before giving up

Important: You must install the language server binary separately. LSP plugins configure how Claude Code connects to a language server, but they don't include the server itself.

Available LSP plugins:

Plugin	Language server	Install command
pyright-lsp	Pyright (Python)	pip install pyright or npm install -g pyright
typescript-lsp	TypeScript Language Server	npm install -g typescript-language-server typescript
rust-lsp	rust-analyzer	See rust-analyzer installation

---

Plugin Caching and File Resolution

For security and verification purposes, Claude Code copies plugins to a cache directory rather than using them in-place. Understanding this behavior is important when developing plugins that reference external files.

How Plugin Caching Works

When you install a plugin, Claude Code copies the plugin files to a cache directory:

• For marketplace plugins with relative paths: The path specified in the source field is copied recursively. For example, if your marketplace entry specifies "source": "./plugins/my-plugin", the entire ./plugins directory is copied.
• For plugins with .claude-plugin/plugin.json: The implicit root directory (the directory containing .claude-plugin/plugin.json) is copied recursively.

Path Traversal Limitations

Plugins cannot reference files outside their copied directory structure. Paths that traverse outside the plugin root (such as ../shared-utils) will not work after installation because those external files are not copied to the cache.

Working with External Dependencies

If your plugin needs to access files outside its directory, you have two options:

Option 1: Use symlinks

Create symbolic links to external files within your plugin directory. Symlinks are honored during the copy process:

# Inside your plugin directory
ln -s /path/to/shared-utils ./shared-utils

The symlinked content will be copied into the plugin cache.

Option 2: Restructure your marketplace

Set the plugin path to a parent directory that contains all required files, then provide the rest of the plugin manifest directly in the marketplace entry:

{
  "name": "my-plugin",
  "source": "./",
  "description": "Plugin that needs root-level access",
  "commands": ["./plugins/my-plugin/commands/"],
  "agents": ["./plugins/my-plugin/agents/"],
  "strict": false
}

This approach copies the entire marketplace root, giving your plugin access to sibling directories.

Note: Symlinks that point to locations outside the plugin's logical root are followed during copying. This provides flexibility while maintaining the security benefits of the caching system.

---

Plugin Installation Scopes

When you install a plugin, you choose a scope that determines where the plugin is available and who else can use it:

Scope	Settings file	Use case
user	~/.claude/settings.json	Personal plugins available across all projects (default)
project	.claude/settings.json	Team plugins shared via version control
local	.claude/settings.local.json	Project-specific plugins, gitignored
managed	managed-settings.json	Managed plugins (read-only, update only)

---

Environment Variables

${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}: Contains the absolute path to your plugin directory. Use this in hooks, MCP servers, and scripts to ensure correct paths regardless of installation location.

{
  "hooks": {
    "PostToolUse": [
      {
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/scripts/process.sh"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

${CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR}: Project root directory (where Claude Code was started).

---

Plugin Marketplaces

Marketplace Schema

Create .claude-plugin/marketplace.json in your repository root:

{
  "name": "company-tools",
  "owner": {
    "name": "DevTools Team",
    "email": "devtools@example.com"
  },
  "plugins": [
    {
      "name": "code-formatter",
      "source": "./plugins/formatter",
      "description": "Automatic code formatting on save",
      "version": "2.1.0",
      "author": {
        "name": "DevTools Team"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "deployment-tools",
      "source": {
        "source": "github",
        "repo": "company/deploy-plugin"
      },
      "description": "Deployment automation tools"
    }
  ]
}

Required Marketplace Fields

Field	Type	Description	Example
name	string	Marketplace identifier (kebab-case)	"acme-tools"
owner	object	Marketplace maintainer information
plugins	array	List of available plugins

Reserved names: claude-code-marketplace, claude-code-plugins, claude-plugins-official, anthropic-marketplace, anthropic-plugins, agent-skills, life-sciences are reserved for official Anthropic use.

Plugin Sources

Relative paths

For plugins in the same repository:

{
  "name": "my-plugin",
  "source": "./plugins/my-plugin"
}

Note: Relative paths only work when users add your marketplace via Git (GitHub, GitLab, or git URL). If users add your marketplace via a direct URL to the marketplace.json file, relative paths will not resolve correctly.

GitHub repositories

{
  "name": "github-plugin",
  "source": {
    "source": "github",
    "repo": "owner/plugin-repo"
  }
}

You can pin to a specific branch, tag, or commit:

{
  "name": "github-plugin",
  "source": {
    "source": "github",
    "repo": "owner/plugin-repo",
    "ref": "v2.0.0",
    "sha": "a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8c9d0e1f2a3b4c5d6e7f8a9b0"
  }
}

Field	Type	Description
repo	string	Required. GitHub repository in owner/repo format
ref	string	Optional. Git branch or tag (defaults to repository default branch)
sha	string	Optional. Full 40-character git commit SHA to pin to an exact version

Git repositories

{
  "name": "git-plugin",
  "source": {
    "source": "url",
    "url": "https://gitlab.com/team/plugin.git"
  }
}

You can pin to a specific branch, tag, or commit:

{
  "name": "git-plugin",
  "source": {
    "source": "url",
    "url": "https://gitlab.com/team/plugin.git",
    "ref": "main",
    "sha": "a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8c9d0e1f2a3b4c5d6e7f8a9b0"
  }
}

Field	Type	Description
url	string	Required. Full git repository URL (must end with .git)
ref	string	Optional. Git branch or tag (defaults to repository default branch)
sha	string	Optional. Full 40-character git commit SHA to pin to an exact version

---

CLI Commands Reference

Claude Code provides CLI commands for non-interactive plugin management, useful for scripting and automation.

plugin install

Install a plugin from available marketplaces.

claude plugin install <plugin> [options]

Arguments:

• <plugin>: Plugin name or plugin-name@marketplace-name for a specific marketplace

Options:

Option	Description	Default
-s, --scope <scope>	Installation scope: user, project, or local	user
-h, --help	Display help for command

Examples:

# Install to user scope (default)
claude plugin install formatter@my-marketplace

# Install to project scope (shared with team)
claude plugin install formatter@my-marketplace --scope project

# Install to local scope (gitignored)
claude plugin install formatter@my-marketplace --scope local

plugin uninstall

Remove an installed plugin.

claude plugin uninstall <plugin> [options]

Arguments:

• <plugin>: Plugin name or plugin-name@marketplace-name

Options:

Option	Description	Default
-s, --scope <scope>	Uninstall from scope: user, project, or local	user
-h, --help	Display help for command

Aliases: remove, rm

plugin enable

Enable a disabled plugin.

claude plugin enable <plugin> [options]

Arguments:

• <plugin>: Plugin name or plugin-name@marketplace-name

Options:

Option	Description	Default
-s, --scope <scope>	Scope to enable: user, project, or local	user
-h, --help	Display help for command

plugin disable

Disable a plugin without uninstalling it.

claude plugin disable <plugin> [options]

Arguments:

• <plugin>: Plugin name or plugin-name@marketplace-name

Options:

Option	Description	Default
-s, --scope <scope>	Scope to disable: user, project, or local	user
-h, --help	Display help for command

plugin update

Update a plugin to the latest version.

claude plugin update <plugin> [options]

Arguments:

• <plugin>: Plugin name or plugin-name@marketplace-name

Options:

Option	Description	Default
-s, --scope <scope>	Scope to update: user, project, local, or managed	user
-h, --help	Display help for command

---

Debugging and Development Tools

Debugging Commands

Use claude --debug to see plugin loading details:

claude --debug

This shows:

• Which plugins are being loaded
• Any errors in plugin manifests
• Command, agent, and hook registration
• MCP server initialization

Common Issues

Issue	Cause	Solution
Plugin not loading	Invalid plugin.json	Validate JSON syntax with claude plugin validate or /plugin validate
agents: Invalid input	Used directory string instead of array	Change "agents": "./agents/" to "agents": ["./agents/file.md"]
Commands not appearing	Wrong directory structure	Ensure commands/ at root, not in .claude-plugin/
Hooks not firing	Script not executable	Run chmod +x script.sh
MCP server fails	Missing ${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}	Use variable for all plugin paths
Path errors	Absolute paths used	All paths must be relative and start with ./
LSP Executable not found in $PATH	Language server not installed	Install the binary (e.g., npm install -g typescript-language-server)

Validation Commands

# CLI (from terminal)
claude plugin validate .
claude plugin validate ./path/to/plugin

# In Claude Code session
/plugin validate .
/plugin validate ./path/to/plugin

Testing Without Installation

# Load plugin for current session only
claude --plugin-dir ./my-plugin

# Load multiple plugins
claude --plugin-dir ./plugin-one --plugin-dir ./plugin-two

---

Enterprise Features

Required Marketplaces for Teams

Configure your repository so team members are automatically prompted to install your marketplace when they trust the project folder. Add your marketplace to .claude/settings.json:

{
  "extraKnownMarketplaces": {
    "company-tools": {
      "source": {
        "source": "github",
        "repo": "your-org/claude-plugins"
      }
    }
  }
}

You can also specify which plugins should be enabled by default:

{
  "enabledPlugins": {
    "code-formatter@company-tools": true,
    "deployment-tools@company-tools": true
  }
}

Managed Marketplace Restrictions

For organizations requiring strict control over plugin sources, administrators can restrict which plugin marketplaces users are allowed to add using the strictKnownMarketplaces setting in managed settings.

When strictKnownMarketplaces is configured in managed settings, the restriction behavior depends on the value:

Value	Behavior
Undefined (default)	No restrictions. Users can add any marketplace
Empty array []	Complete lockdown. Users cannot add any new marketplaces
List of sources	Users can only add marketplaces that match the allowlist exactly

Common configurations:

Disable all marketplace additions:

{
  "strictKnownMarketplaces": []
}

Allow specific marketplaces only:

{
  "strictKnownMarketplaces": [
    {
      "source": "github",
      "repo": "acme-corp/approved-plugins"
    },
    {
      "source": "github",
      "repo": "acme-corp/security-tools",
      "ref": "v2.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "url",
      "url": "https://plugins.example.com/marketplace.json"
    }
  ]
}

Allow all marketplaces from an internal git server using regex pattern matching:

{
  "strictKnownMarketplaces": [
    {
      "source": "hostPattern",
      "hostPattern": "^github\\.example\\.com$"
    }
  ]
}

How restrictions work:

Restrictions are validated early in the plugin installation process, before any network requests or filesystem operations occur. This prevents unauthorized marketplace access attempts.

The allowlist uses exact matching for most source types. For a marketplace to be allowed, all specified fields must match exactly:

• For GitHub sources: repo is required, and ref or path must also match if specified in the allowlist
• For URL sources: the full URL must match exactly
• For hostPattern sources: the marketplace host is matched against the regex pattern

Because strictKnownMarketplaces is set in managed settings, individual users and project configurations cannot override these restrictions.

---

Private Repository Authentication

Provider	Environment variables	Notes
GitHub	GITHUB_TOKEN or GH_TOKEN	Personal access token or GitHub App token
GitLab	GITLAB_TOKEN or GL_TOKEN	Personal access token or project token
Bitbucket	BITBUCKET_TOKEN	App password or repository access token

Set the token in your shell configuration (e.g., .bashrc, .zshrc) or pass it when running Claude Code:

export GITHUB_TOKEN=ghp_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

For manual installation and updates: Claude Code uses your existing git credential helpers. If git clone works for a private repository in your terminal, it works in Claude Code too.

For background auto-updates: Set the appropriate authentication token in your environment. GitHub Actions automatically provides GITHUB_TOKEN for repositories in the same organization.

---

Distribution and Versioning

Version Management

Follow semantic versioning for plugin releases:

{
  "name": "my-plugin",
  "version": "2.1.0"
}

Version format: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH

• MAJOR: Breaking changes (incompatible API changes)
• MINOR: New features (backward-compatible additions)
• PATCH: Bug fixes (backward-compatible fixes)

Best practices:

• Start at 1.0.0 for your first stable release
• Update the version in plugin.json before distributing changes
• Document changes in a CHANGELOG.md file
• Use pre-release versions like 2.0.0-beta.1 for testing

---

Constraints and Limitations

• Plugins copied to cache, not used in-place
• Cannot reference files outside plugin directory (../ fails)
• LSP servers require separate binary installation
• All paths must be relative, start with ./
• Path traversal (..) not allowed
• Scripts must be executable (chmod +x)
• Reserved marketplace names: claude-code-marketplace, anthropic-plugins, agent-skills

---

Sources

• Plugins Reference (accessed 2026-01-28)
• Create Plugins (accessed 2026-01-28)
• Plugin Marketplaces (accessed 2026-01-28)
• Skills Reference
• Hooks Reference
• MCP Reference