Unit Testing

Conventions

• Co-locate tests: foo.test.ts next to foo.ts
• Always wrap in describe named after the unit under test
• Use test, not it
• Test behavior through public interfaces, not implementation details
• Good tests survive refactors — if the public API doesn't change, tests shouldn't break

describe("createCart", () => {
  test("calculates total for multiple items", () => { ... });
  test("returns empty items for new cart", () => { ... });
});

Vitest API

import { describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";

API	Use
describe("group", fn)	Group related tests
test("desc", fn)	Single test
test.each([...])("desc %s", fn)	Parameterized
expect(v).toBe(x)	Strict equality
expect(v).toEqual(x)	Deep equality
expect(fn).toThrow()	Assert throws
vi.fn()	Mock function

Mocking Rules

Mock only at system boundaries:

• External APIs, databases, time (Date.now), randomness (Math.random), file system

Never mock things you control:

• Your own modules, internal collaborators, utility functions, data transformations

If you feel the need to mock an internal module, the code is doing too much or you're testing at the wrong level.

For mocking patterns and DI examples, see references/mocking.md.

Coverage

When a project has coverage thresholds configured, every file must meet them individually (perFile: true). Write tests that cover all branches and statements — if a file has unreachable code, that's a signal to simplify the implementation rather than lower thresholds.

Acceptance Checklist

• Test describes behavior, not implementation
• Test uses the public interface
• Test would survive an internal refactor
• Mocks only at system boundaries
• Co-located next to source file
• Coverage thresholds pass for the file under test