FlowerPower Pipeline Framework

🌸 Build configuration-driven data pipelines using Hamilton DAGs. Lightweight, modular, and perfect for batch ETL, data transformation, and ML workflows.

FlowerPower is ideal for:

• Simple to medium complexity data pipelines (not full production orchestration)
• Teams wanting code-first DAG definitions (vs. YAML-heavy Airflow)
• Projects needing configurable parameters and multiple executors
• Rapid prototyping and batch processing

For production orchestration with scheduling, state persistence, and reliability features, see orchestrating-data-pipelines (Prefect, Dagster, dbt).

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Skill Boundaries

vs. building-data-pipelines

building-data-pipelines	@using-flowerpower
Raw ETL patterns with Polars/DuckDB/PyArrow	Framework-wrapped ETL with Hamilton DAGs
Individual transformation functions	Orchestrated multi-node pipeline definitions
Manual pipeline glue code	Configuration-driven parameters and executors
General-purpose ETL guidance	FlowerPower-specific setup and best practices

Use building-data-pipelines for learning ETL patterns, tool selection, and writing raw Polars/DuckDB code. Use @using-flowerpower when you want to structure those operations into reusable, configurable Hamilton DAG pipelines.

vs. orchestrating-data-pipelines

orchestrating-data-pipelines	@using-flowerpower
Production orchestration (Prefect, Dagster, dbt)	Lightweight batch scripts, no infrastructure
Scheduling with cron, intervals, sensors	No built-in scheduler (use cron/systemd)
State persistence across runs via database	Ephemeral execution, no state tracking
Rich observability dashboards, alerts	Basic Hamilton UI only
Retries, SLA guarantees, team-scale workflows	Simple batch jobs, single-team pipelines

Rule of thumb: Start with @using-flowerpower for batch ETL prototypes and lightweight DAGs. Move to orchestrating-data-pipelines when you need scheduling, production reliability, multi-team coordination, or SLA guarantees.

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Skill Dependencies

This skill assumes familiarity with:

• @building-data-pipelines - Polars, DuckDB, PyArrow basics
• @designing-data-storage - Delta Lake, Iceberg table formats
• @accessing-cloud-storage - Cloud storage (S3, GCS) and fsspec
• @assuring-data-pipelines - Data validation with Pandera, Great Expectations
• @building-data-pipelines - Medallion architecture, partitioning, incremental loads

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When to Use FlowerPower vs. Prefect/Dagster

Scenario	Recommended Tool	Why
Simple batch ETL, data transformation scripts	FlowerPower	Lightweight, no infrastructure, Hamilton DAG elegance
Production workflows with scheduling, retries, SLA	Prefect	Orchestrator with cloud, robust error handling
Asset-based pipelines, data observability	Dagster	Asset lineage, materialization, sensors
SQL transformations, dbt ecosystem	dbt	SQL-first, built-in testing, documentation
Complex dependency graphs, multi-team	Airflow	Mature, scalable, operator ecosystem

FlowerPower limitations:

• No built-in scheduler (use cron/systemd)
• No state persistence across restarts
• Limited observability (Hamilton UI is basic)
• Not designed for long-running, fault-tolerant production workflows

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Quick Start

# Install
uv pip install flowerpower[io,ui]

# Initialize project
flowerpower init --name my-pipeline-project

# Create pipeline
flowerpower pipeline new bronze_ingestion

# Run
flowerpower pipeline run bronze_ingestion

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Advanced Patterns

Medallion Architecture with FlowerPower

Create three pipelines following bronze-silver-gold pattern:

bronze_ingest.py (raw ingestion, append-only)

from hamilton.function_modifiers import parameterize
import polars as pl
from flowerpower.cfg import Config

PARAMS = Config.load(Path(__file__).parents[1], "bronze_ingest").pipeline.h_params

@parameterize(**PARAMS.source)
def source_uri(uri: str) -> str:
    """Source data location (S3, local, etc.)."""
    return uri

def bronze_table(source_uri: str) -> pl.LazyFrame:
    """Read raw data as-is, add ingestion metadata."""
    df = pl.scan_parquet(source_uri)
    return df.with_columns([
        pl.lit(pl.datetime.now()).alias("_ingestion_timestamp"),
        pl.lit(source_uri).alias("_source_file")
    ])

def write_bronze(bronze_table: pl.LazyFrame, output_path: str) -> str:
    """Write to Delta Lake bronze layer (partitioned by date)."""
    bronze_table.write_delta(
        output_path,
        mode="append",
        partition_by=["_ingestion_date"]
    )
    return f"Wrote {bronze_table.count()} rows to {output_path}"

silver_clean.py (validation, standardization)

def validate_schema(bronze_table: pl.LazyFrame) -> pl.LazyFrame:
    """Apply schema checks using Pandera."""
    import pandera as pa
    from pandera.polars import DataFrameSchema, Column

    schema = DataFrameSchema({
        "order_id": Column(pl.Int64, nullable=False, unique=True),
        "customer_id": Column(pl.Int32, nullable=False),
        "amount": Column(pl.Float64, pa.Check.ge(0)),
        "_ingestion_timestamp": Column(pl.Datetime)
    })

    # Validate (raises if invalid)
    validated_df = schema.validate(bronze_table.collect())
    return validated_df.lazy()

def standardize_data(validated: pl.LazyFrame) -> pl.LazyFrame:
    """Standardize dates, currencies, etc."""
    return validated.with_columns([
        pl.col("order_date").str.strptime(pl.Date, fmt="%Y-%m-%d"),
        pl.col("amount").round(2)
    ])

def write_silver(standardize_data: pl.LazyFrame, silver_path: str) -> str:
    """Write to Silver Delta table, overwrite partition."""
    standardize_data.write_delta(
        silver_path,
        mode="overwrite",
        partition_filters=[("ingestion_date", "=", "2024-01-01")]
    )

gold_aggregate.py (business-ready aggregates)

def daily_sales(silver_table: pl.LazyFrame) -> pl.DataFrame:
    """Aggregate sales by day, region."""
    return silver_table.group_by(["order_date", "region"]).agg([
        pl.sum("amount").alias("total_sales"),
        pl.count().alias("order_count")
    ]).collect()

def write_gold(daily_sales: pl.DataFrame, gold_path: str) -> str:
    """Write Gold table (Parquet, no ACID needed)."""
    daily_sales.write_parquet(
        gold_path,
        compression="zstd",
        stat_getters=["min", "max"]  # For predicate pushdown
    )

---

Delta Lake Integration with Schema Evolution

Use delta_scan() and write_delta() with merge schema:

# conf/pipelines/delta_incremental.yml
params:
  delta_table: "s3://lakehouse/silver/orders/"
  source_parquet: "s3://raw/orders/"

run:
  final_vars:
    - write_result
  executor:
    type: threadpool
    max_workers: 4

# pipelines/delta_incremental.py
def source_data(source_parquet: str) -> pl.LazyFrame:
    return pl.scan_parquet(source_parquet)

def merge_delta(source_data: pl.LazyFrame, delta_table: str) -> str:
    """Append with schema evolution."""
    source_data.write_delta(
        delta_table,
        mode="append",
        delta_write_options={"schema_mode": "merge"}  # Auto-add new columns
    )
    return f"Appended {len(source_data.collect())} rows"

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Watermark/Incremental Load Pattern

# Use DuckDB to manage watermarks
def get_last_watermark(con, table_name: str) -> datetime:
    """Query watermark table."""
    result = con.execute(f"""
        SELECT watermark_value
        FROM watermark_table
        WHERE table_name = '{table_name}'
    """).fetchone()
    return result[0] if result else datetime(1970,1,1)

def incremental_load(source: str, target: str, timestamp_col: str = "updated_at"):
    """Load only new/updated records."""
    import duckdb
    con = duckdb.connect(":memory:")

    old_wm = get_last_watermark(con, target)
    new_wm = pl.scan_parquet(source).select(pl.max(timestamp_col)).collect()[0,0]

    df = pl.scan_parquet(source).filter(
        (pl.col(timestamp_col) > old_wm) &
        (pl.col(timestamp_col) <= new_wm)
    )

    df.write_delta(target, mode="append")

    # Update watermark
    con.execute("""
        INSERT OR REPLACE INTO watermark_table (table_name, watermark_value)
        VALUES (?, ?)
    """, [target, new_wm])

---

Data Quality Validation (Pandera)

import pandera as pa
from pandera.polars import DataFrameSchema, Column

def validate_silver(silver_df: pl.DataFrame) -> pl.DataFrame:
    """Validate against Pandera schema."""
    schema = DataFrameSchema({
        "customer_id": Column(pl.Int32, pa.Check.gt(0)),
        "email": Column(pl.Utf8, pa.Check.str_contains("@")),
        "signup_date": Column(pl.Date, pa.Check(lambda s: s >= "2020-01-01"))
    })

    try:
        validated = schema.validate(silver_df, lazy=True)
        return validated
    except pa.errors.SchemaErrors as e:
        # Log failures, write to quarantine
        print(f"Validation failed: {e.failure_cases}")
        raise

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Cloud Storage (S3) with fsspec

# conf/pipelines/s3_ingest.yml
params:
  s3_path: "s3://my-bucket/raw/orders/"
  local_cache: "/tmp/cache"

run:
  executor:
    type: threadpool
    max_workers: 8

# pipelines/s3_ingest.py
def list_s3_files(s3_path: str) -> list[str]:
    """List files to process."""
    import fsspec
    fs = fsspec.filesystem('s3')
    return fs.glob(f"{s3_path}*.parquet")

def read_s3_file(file_path: str) -> pl.LazyFrame:
    """Read individual file with fsspec."""
    import fsspec
    fs = fsspec.filesystem('s3')
    with fs.open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
        return pl.read_parquet(f)

def process_files(list_s3_files: list[str]) -> pl.LazyFrame:
    """Process all files and union."""
    frames = [read_s3_file(f) for f in list_s3_files]
    return pl.concat(frames)

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Best Practices for FlowerPower

1. Use lazy evaluation (Polars LazyFrame) for large datasets
2. Set appropriate executor: threadpool for I/O, processpool for CPU
3. Add retries in config for external API calls
4. Use configuration for all parameters (no hardcoded paths)
5. Log strategically - Hamilton captures node outputs
6. Implement idempotency - pipelines should be re-runnable
7. Monitor with Hamilton UI for DAG visualization
8. Use partitioning for Delta Lake tables (by date/tenant)
9. Validate at Silver layer with Pandera/Great Expectations
10. Handle schema evolution with schema_mode="merge" for appends

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Limitations & Gotchas

• No built-in scheduling - pair with cron/systemd/Prefect
• No state persistence - track watermarks externally (DuckDB)
• No SLA alerts - implement custom on_failure hooks
• Hamilton cache can grow indefinitely - configure cache: false or prune
• Multi-node execution requires Ray/Dask setup (advanced)

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See Also

• building-data-pipelines - General ETL patterns, tool selection, and raw Polars/DuckDB code
• orchestrating-data-pipelines - Production orchestration (Prefect, Dagster, dbt) when you need scheduling, retries, and SLA guarantees
• @building-data-pipelines - Medallion architecture, incremental loads, partitioning, file sizing
• @designing-data-storage - Delta Lake, Iceberg table formats and operations
• @accessing-cloud-storage - Cloud storage backends (S3, GCS) and libraries
• @assuring-data-pipelines - Data validation frameworks (Pandera, Great Expectations)
• @managing-data-catalogs - Data catalog systems for discovery and governance

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References

• FlowerPower Documentation
• Hamilton Framework
• FlowerPower GitHub
• orchestrating-data-pipelines - Comparison of orchestration tools