Dependency Audit

Comprehensive dependency risk assessment: license compatibility analysis, maintenance health scoring, CVE detection, bloat identification, and transitive dependency risk mapping. Produces an actionable report with prioritized remediation steps organized by urgency (security → license → maintenance → bloat).

Reference Files

File	Contents	Load When
references/license-compatibility.md	License compatibility matrix, copyleft detection, commercial-safe licenses	Always
references/health-metrics.md	Maintenance health indicators, scoring criteria, abandonment detection	Always
references/bloat-detection.md	Identifying unused deps, duplicate functionality, heavy transitive trees	Bloat analysis requested
references/cve-sources.md	CVE databases, advisory sources, vulnerability severity interpretation	Security audit requested

Prerequisites

• Access to the project's dependency files (pyproject.toml, requirements.txt, package.json, Cargo.toml, go.mod)
• Lock file (for exact versions and transitive dependencies)
• Project license (to determine compatibility requirements)

Workflow

Phase 1: Parse Dependency Tree

1. Direct dependencies — Packages explicitly declared in the project.
2. Transitive dependencies — Dependencies of dependencies. Often 10-50x the direct count.
3. Version constraints — Pinned (==1.2.3), ranged (>=1.0,<2.0), or floating (*).
4. Development vs production — Separate dev/test dependencies from production.

Tools:

• Python: uv pip list, pip-audit, pipdeptree
• Node.js: npm list --all, npm audit
• Rust: cargo tree, cargo audit

Phase 2: Audit Licenses

For each dependency:

1. Identify the license — Check package metadata, LICENSE file, pyproject.toml.

2. Classify compatibility — Against the project's own license:

   License	Commercial OK	Copyleft	Risk Level
   MIT, BSD, ISC, Apache 2.0	Yes	No	Low
   LGPL	With care	Weak	Medium
   GPL-2.0, GPL-3.0	No (unless GPL project)	Strong	High
   AGPL	No (unless AGPL project)	Strong + network	Critical
   Unknown	Cannot determine	Unknown	Critical

3. Flag issues — Copyleft licenses in proprietary projects, unknown licenses, license changes between versions.

Phase 3: Assess Maintenance Health

For each dependency, evaluate maintenance signals:

Indicator	Healthy	Warning	Abandoned
Last release	< 6 months	6-18 months	> 18 months
Commits (90 days)	10+	1-9	0
Open issues response	< 2 weeks	2-8 weeks	> 8 weeks or no response
Bus factor	3+ maintainers	2	1
CI status	Passing	Flaky	Failing or absent

Phase 4: Check Security

1. Known CVEs — Check against advisory databases:

   • Python: pip-audit, PyPI advisory database
   • Node.js: npm audit, GitHub Advisory Database
   • General: NVD (National Vulnerability Database)

2. Severity classification — CVSS score interpretation:

   CVSS Score	Severity	Action
   9.0-10.0	Critical	Upgrade immediately
   7.0-8.9	High	Upgrade within days
   4.0-6.9	Medium	Upgrade within weeks
   0.1-3.9	Low	Upgrade at convenience

3. Fix availability — Is there a patched version? If not, what's the workaround?

Phase 5: Detect Bloat

1. Unused dependencies — Dependencies imported nowhere in the codebase.
2. Duplicate functionality — Multiple packages doing the same thing (2 HTTP clients, 2 JSON parsers).
3. Heavy transitive trees — Packages that pull in dozens of sub-dependencies for a simple feature.
4. Size analysis — Large packages used for small functionality.

Phase 6: Report

Produce a prioritized report with action items.

Output Format

## Dependency Audit: {Project Name}

### Summary
| Metric | Count |
|--------|-------|
| Direct dependencies | {N} |
| Transitive dependencies | {N} |
| License issues | {N} |
| Maintenance concerns | {N} |
| Security vulnerabilities | {N} |
| Bloat candidates | {N} |

### License Compliance

| Package | Version | License | Compatible | Issue |
|---------|---------|---------|------------|-------|
| {pkg} | {ver} | MIT | Yes | None |
| {pkg} | {ver} | GPL-3.0 | No | Copyleft in proprietary project |
| {pkg} | {ver} | Unknown | Unknown | License not identifiable |

### Maintenance Health

| Package | Last Release | Commits (90d) | Maintainers | Status |
|---------|-------------|---------------|-------------|--------|
| {pkg} | {date} | {N} | {N} | {Healthy/Warning/Abandoned} |

### Security Vulnerabilities

| Package | Version | CVE | Severity | Fix Available | Fixed In |
|---------|---------|-----|----------|---------------|----------|
| {pkg} | {ver} | {CVE-ID} | {severity} | {Yes/No} | {version} |

### Bloat Analysis

| Package | Install Size | Used By | Recommendation |
|---------|-------------|---------|----------------|
| {pkg} | {size} | {usage description} | {Remove/Replace/Keep} |

### Action Items

#### Immediate (Security)
1. Upgrade {pkg} to {version} — fixes {CVE-ID} ({severity})

#### Short-term (License)
1. Review {pkg} GPL usage — may require license change or removal

#### Medium-term (Maintenance)
1. Find alternative to {pkg} — abandoned since {date}

#### Long-term (Bloat)
1. Remove {pkg} — unused in codebase
2. Replace {pkg} with lighter alternative

### Transitive Risk
- {direct-dep} depends on {transitive-dep} which has {issue}

Calibration Rules

1. Production dependencies first. Dev/test dependencies have lower risk since they don't ship to users. Audit production dependencies with higher scrutiny.
2. Transitive risk is real. A direct dependency with MIT license may pull in a GPL transitive dependency. Always check the full tree.
3. Abandoned is not broken. A mature, stable library that hasn't been updated in a year may be perfectly fine. Evaluate based on whether the library is "done" vs "neglected."
4. Security is non-negotiable. Critical and High CVEs must be addressed immediately. Medium CVEs should be tracked. Low CVEs can wait for the next dependency update cycle.

Error Handling

Problem	Resolution
No lock file available	Audit based on declared dependencies. Note that transitive analysis is incomplete without a lock file.
License metadata missing	Check the package's repository for LICENSE file. Note packages where license cannot be determined.
Package registry unavailable	Work from cached metadata and local lockfile data.
Too many dependencies to audit manually	Prioritize: production deps first, then direct deps, then transitive deps with known issues.

When NOT to Audit

Push back if:

• The project is a prototype that won't ship — defer audit until production decision
• The user wants dependency updates, not audit — different task (dependabot, renovate)
• The project has no dependencies (pure standard library) — nothing to audit

Rationalizations

Rationalization	Reality
"It's a trusted package"	Trust is not a security model — trusted packages get compromised (event-stream, ua-parser-js, colors.js)
"Only a minor version bump"	Minor versions can introduce vulnerabilities, change behavior, or add transitive dependencies — semver is a promise, not a guarantee
"We don't use the vulnerable function"	Transitive dependencies might — and attack surface includes any code loaded into the process
"The CVE is low severity"	Low severity in isolation can be critical in your context — a "low" SSRF in an internal service with cloud metadata access is critical
"We'll update when there's a known exploit"	Known exploits mean you're already behind — patch within SLA, not after breach
"Too many dependencies to audit"	That's the problem, not an excuse — high dependency count IS a risk finding

Red Flags

• Auditing only direct dependencies while ignoring transitive dependency tree
• Dismissing CVEs without checking if the vulnerable code path is reachable
• No license compatibility check — GPL in a proprietary codebase is a legal finding
• Accepting "no known vulnerabilities" from a single scanner without cross-referencing
• Ignoring dependency age — unmaintained packages with no updates in 2+ years are a risk
• Skipping lockfile analysis (pinned vs. floating versions)

Verification

• Both direct and transitive dependencies scanned
• Vulnerability scanner output captured: npm audit / pip-audit / cargo audit
• Each CVE finding includes: severity, affected version range, upgrade path, reachability assessment
• License compatibility verified against project license
• Dependency age and maintenance status checked for top-level deps
• Lockfile present and version pinning verified — no floating ranges in production