isolated-vm

isolated-vm is a Node.js native module that provides access to v8's Isolate interface, enabling creation of completely isolated JavaScript environments. Each isolate has its own heap, garbage collector, and built-in objects. It supports memory limits, timeouts, cross-isolate data transfer (Reference, ExternalCopy, Callback), ES modules, CPU profiling, and v8 inspector integration. It is currently in maintenance mode.

Research Process

To answer questions about isolated-vm, spawn a sub-agent to conduct thorough documentation research.

Launch a Research Sub-Agent

Use the Task tool to spawn a sub-agent dedicated to isolated-vm documentation research. Do NOT specify a model (use the default model for comprehensive research quality).

Critical: Provide the sub-agent with a highly detailed prompt that includes:

1. Goal - What you are ultimately trying to accomplish
2. Context - Why you need this information and how it fits into the larger task
3. Specific Questions - Exactly what information you need answered
4. Output Requirements - The format and level of detail needed in the response

Task Tool Configuration

Task tool parameters:
- description: "Research isolated-vm docs"
- subagent_type: "generalPurpose"
- model: (DO NOT SPECIFY - use default for thorough research)
- readonly: true
- prompt: (see template below)

Prompt Template for Sub-Agent

Structure your prompt to the research sub-agent as follows:

You are researching the isolated-vm library documentation to help with a specific task.

## Your Research Goal
[Describe exactly what you need to accomplish with this information]

## Context
[Explain why you need this information and how it will be used]

## Specific Questions to Answer
[List the specific questions that need to be answered]

## Research Process

1. The entire API documentation lives in the README on GitHub. Fetch it:
   URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/laverdet/isolated-vm/main/README.md

   This single file contains the full API reference for all classes and methods.

2. The README covers these sections:

   **Overview & Requirements:**
   - Project status (maintenance mode), requirements (Node.js 16+)
   - IMPORTANT: Node.js 20+ requires --no-node-snapshot flag
   - Compiler needed for installation (node-gyp)
   - Security considerations for running untrusted code

   **API - Core Classes:**

   Isolate (main entry point):
   - new ivm.Isolate({ memoryLimit, inspector, snapshot, onCatastrophicError })
   - isolate.compileScript / compileScriptSync - compile JS code
   - isolate.compileModule / compileModuleSync - compile ES modules
   - isolate.createContext / createContextSync - create execution contexts
   - isolate.dispose() - destroy isolate and free memory
   - isolate.getHeapStatistics / getHeapStatisticsSync
   - isolate.cpuTime / wallTime (bigint, nanoseconds)
   - isolate.isDisposed, isolate.referenceCount
   - isolate.startCpuProfiler / stopCpuProfiler

   Context (sandboxed execution environment):
   - context.global - Reference to global object
   - context.eval / evalSync / evalIgnored - run code with timeout
   - context.evalClosure / evalClosureSync - run code as function with $0, $1 args
   - context.release()

   Script (compiled JS chunk):
   - script.run / runSync / runIgnored - execute in a context with timeout
   - script.release()

   Module (ES module support):
   - module.dependencySpecifiers - array of import specifiers
   - module.namespace - Reference to exports
   - module.instantiate / instantiateSync - resolve dependencies via callback
   - module.evaluate / evaluateSync - run module with timeout
   - module.release()

   Callback (cross-isolate function references):
   - new ivm.Callback(fn, { async, ignored, sync })
   - Automatically created when passing functions to isolated-vm methods

   Reference (pointer to value in any isolate):
   - new ivm.Reference(value, { unsafeInherit })
   - reference.typeof, copy/copySync, deref, derefInto, release
   - reference.get/set/delete (property access across isolates)
   - reference.apply/applySync/applyIgnored/applySyncPromise (invoke functions)

   ExternalCopy (cross-isolate data transfer):
   - new ivm.ExternalCopy(value, { transferList, transferOut })
   - Supports primitives, Dates, ArrayBuffers, TypedArrays, SharedArrayBuffers
   - Other objects use structured clone algorithm
   - externalCopy.copy / copyInto / release
   - ExternalCopy.totalExternalSize (static)

   **Shared Options:**
   - CachedDataOptions - compile cache for faster parsing
   - ScriptOrigin - filename, line/column offset for debugging
   - TransferOptions - copy, externalCopy, reference, promise flags

   **Security Section:**
   - Never leak isolated-vm objects to untrusted code
   - Keep Node.js/v8 updated
   - Run isolates in separate processes
   - Defense in depth (containers, site isolation pattern)

   **FAQ:**
   - Cannot pass modules/libraries into isolates directly
   - Must bundle code or set up shim delegates for host operations
   - Low-level module requiring deep JS/security knowledge

   **Alternatives Comparison:**
   - vm, worker_threads, vm2, tiny-worker vs isolated-vm
   - isolated-vm is unique in being secure + memory limited + isolated + multithreaded

3. For additional context, you may also check:
   - https://www.npmjs.com/package/isolated-vm - npm package info
   - https://github.com/laverdet/isolated-vm/issues - common issues and patterns

4. The README is comprehensive. Search through it for the relevant sections.

## Required Output
[Specify exactly what format and content you need returned]

Provide a comprehensive response with all findings, including relevant code examples, configuration snippets, and step-by-step instructions where applicable.

Example Usage

If you need to help a user set up basic code execution:

Task tool prompt:

You are researching the isolated-vm library documentation to help with a specific task.

## Your Research Goal
Find complete instructions for creating an isolated JavaScript environment, running untrusted code with memory limits and timeouts, and safely passing data in and out.

## Context
A user wants to run user-submitted JavaScript code in a sandboxed environment with strict resource limits to prevent abuse.

## Specific Questions to Answer
1. How do you create an Isolate with memory limits?
2. How do you create a Context and set up global variables?
3. How do you run code with a timeout?
4. How do you pass data into and out of the isolate safely?
5. How do you properly dispose of resources?

## Research Process
1. Fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/laverdet/isolated-vm/main/README.md
2. Focus on: Isolate constructor, Context creation, eval/evalSync, Reference, ExternalCopy, and the Examples section

## Required Output
Provide step-by-step setup instructions with code examples for isolate creation, code execution, data transfer, and cleanup.

Example: ES Module Support

Task tool prompt:

You are researching the isolated-vm library documentation to help with a specific task.

## Your Research Goal
Understand how to compile and run ES modules in an isolate, including dependency resolution via the resolveCallback.

## Context
A user wants to run modular JavaScript code with import/export statements inside an isolate, resolving dependencies dynamically.

## Specific Questions to Answer
1. How do you compile a module with isolate.compileModule?
2. How does module.instantiate work with the resolveCallback?
3. How do you access module.dependencySpecifiers?
4. How do you evaluate a module and get its exports via module.namespace?
5. How do you chain multiple modules together?

## Research Process
1. Fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/laverdet/isolated-vm/main/README.md
2. Focus on the Module class section

## Required Output
Provide a guide to ES module usage with code examples for compilation, instantiation, and evaluation.

Example: Cross-Isolate Communication

Task tool prompt:

You are researching the isolated-vm library documentation to help with a specific task.

## Your Research Goal
Learn how to safely pass functions and data between isolates using Reference, Callback, and ExternalCopy.

## Context
A user needs to expose host functions (like logging or API calls) to sandboxed code and retrieve results back from the isolate.

## Specific Questions to Answer
1. How do Reference, Callback, and ExternalCopy differ?
2. How do you expose a host function to the isolate (e.g., console.log)?
3. How do you use evalClosure with $0, $1 arguments?
4. How do TransferOptions (copy, reference, externalCopy, promise) work?
5. What are the security pitfalls of leaking references?

## Research Process
1. Fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/laverdet/isolated-vm/main/README.md
2. Focus on Reference, Callback, ExternalCopy classes, TransferOptions, and the Security section

## Required Output
Provide a guide to cross-isolate communication with code examples and security best practices.

After Receiving Sub-Agent Results

The sub-agent will return comprehensive documentation findings. Use this information to:

• Answer the user's question accurately
• Implement the required functionality
• Provide code examples and configuration directly from official docs

Quick Reference: API Classes

Class	Purpose
Isolate	Main entry point. Create isolated v8 environments with memory limits
Context	Sandboxed execution environment within an isolate (own global object)
Script	Compiled JS code, runnable in any context within its isolate
Module	ES module with dependency resolution and namespace exports
Callback	Simple cross-isolate function references (args/returns are copied)
Reference	Pointer to a value in any isolate (get/set/apply across isolates)
ExternalCopy	Data stored outside v8 heap for fast cross-isolate transfer

Important Notes

• Node.js 20+ requires --no-node-snapshot flag
• Native module: requires C++ compiler for installation
• Maintenance mode: existing features supported, no new features planned
• Never leak isolated-vm objects (Reference, ExternalCopy, etc.) to untrusted code
• All async methods run in the order they were queued
• Sync methods can block the event loop; prefer async or run in workers

Documentation URL

Full documentation (README): https://github.com/laverdet/isolated-vm