Conducting Internal Reconnaissance with BloodHound CE

Overview

BloodHound Community Edition (CE) is a modern, web-based Active Directory reconnaissance platform developed by SpecterOps that uses graph theory to reveal hidden relationships and attack paths within AD environments. Unlike the legacy BloodHound application, BloodHound CE uses a PostgreSQL backend with a dedicated graph database, providing improved performance, a modern web UI, and enhanced API capabilities. Red teams use BloodHound CE to collect AD objects, ACLs, sessions, group memberships, and trust relationships, then visualize attack paths from compromised low-privileged accounts to high-value targets like Domain Admins. The SharpHound collector (v2 for CE) gathers data from Active Directory, while AzureHound collects from Azure AD / Entra ID environments.

Objectives

• Deploy BloodHound CE server using Docker Compose
• Collect AD data using SharpHound v2 or BloodHound.py
• Import collected data into BloodHound CE for graph analysis
• Identify shortest attack paths from owned principals to Domain Admins
• Discover ACL-based attack paths, Kerberoastable accounts, and delegation abuse
• Execute custom Cypher queries for advanced attack path analysis
• Generate attack path reports for engagement documentation

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

• T1087.002 - Account Discovery: Domain Account
• T1069.002 - Permission Groups Discovery: Domain Groups
• T1482 - Domain Trust Discovery
• T1615 - Group Policy Discovery
• T1018 - Remote System Discovery
• T1033 - System Owner/User Discovery
• T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery

Implementation Steps

Phase 1: BloodHound CE Deployment

1. Deploy BloodHound CE using Docker Compose:

   curl -L https://ghst.ly/getbhce -o docker-compose.yml
   docker compose pull
   docker compose up -d
   

2. Access the web interface at https://localhost:8080
3. Log in with the default admin credentials (displayed in Docker logs):

   docker compose logs | grep "Initial Password"
   

4. Change the default admin password immediately

Phase 2: Data Collection with SharpHound v2

1. Transfer SharpHound v2 to the compromised Windows host:

   # Execute full collection
   .\SharpHound.exe -c All --outputdirectory C:\Temp
   
   # DCOnly collection (LDAP only, stealthier)
   .\SharpHound.exe -c DCOnly
   
   # Session collection for logged-on user mapping
   .\SharpHound.exe -c Session --loop --loopduration 02:00:00
   
   # Collect from specific domain
   .\SharpHound.exe -c All -d child.domain.local
   

2. Alternative: Use BloodHound.py from Linux:

   bloodhound-python -u user -p 'Password123' -d domain.local -ns 10.10.10.1 -c All
   

3. Exfiltrate the generated ZIP file to the analysis workstation

Phase 3: Data Import and Initial Analysis

1. Upload collected data via the BloodHound CE web interface (File Ingest)
2. Mark compromised accounts as "Owned" in the interface
3. Run built-in analysis queries:
   • Shortest Path to Domain Admin
   • Kerberoastable Users with Path to DA
   • AS-REP Roastable Users
   • Users with DCSync Rights
   • Computers with Unconstrained Delegation

Phase 4: Custom Cypher Queries

1. Execute custom Cypher queries in the BloodHound CE search bar:

   // Find shortest path from owned principals to Domain Admins
   MATCH p=shortestPath((n {owned:true})-[*1..]->(m:Group {name:"DOMAIN ADMINS@DOMAIN.LOCAL"}))
   RETURN p
   
   // Find Kerberoastable users with path to DA
   MATCH (u:User {hasspn:true})
   MATCH p=shortestPath((u)-[*1..]->(g:Group {name:"DOMAIN ADMINS@DOMAIN.LOCAL"}))
   RETURN p
   
   // Find computers with sessions of DA members
   MATCH (c:Computer)-[:HasSession]->(u:User)-[:MemberOf*1..]->(g:Group {name:"DOMAIN ADMINS@DOMAIN.LOCAL"})
   RETURN c.name, u.name
   
   // Find ACL-based attack paths (GenericAll, WriteDACL, GenericWrite)
   MATCH p=(u:User)-[:GenericAll|GenericWrite|WriteDacl|WriteOwner|ForceChangePassword*1..]->(t)
   WHERE u.owned = true
   RETURN p
   
   // Find users who can DCSync
   MATCH (u)-[:MemberOf*0..]->()-[:DCSync|GetChanges|GetChangesAll*1..]->(d:Domain)
   RETURN u.name, d.name
   
   // Find computers with LAPS but readable by non-admins
   MATCH (c:Computer {haslaps:true})
   MATCH p=(u:User)-[:ReadLAPSPassword]->(c)
   RETURN p
   

Phase 5: Attack Path Prioritization

1. Score identified attack paths by:
   • Number of hops (shorter = higher priority)
   • Stealth requirements (avoid noisy techniques)
   • Tool availability for each hop
   • Likelihood of detection at each step
2. Create an execution plan for the highest-priority paths
3. Identify required tools for each step in the chain
4. Plan OPSEC considerations for each technique

Tools and Resources

Tool	Purpose	Platform
BloodHound CE	Web-based graph analysis platform	Docker
SharpHound v2	AD data collection (.NET, for CE)	Windows
BloodHound.py	AD data collection (Python)	Linux
AzureHound	Azure AD / Entra ID data collection	Cross-platform
PlumHound	Automated BloodHound reporting	Python
BloodHound Query Library	Community Cypher query repository	Web

Key Attack Path Types

Path Type	Description	Example
ACL Abuse	Exploit misconfigured ACLs	GenericAll on DA group
Kerberoasting	Crack service account passwords	SPN account → DA
AS-REP Roasting	Attack accounts without pre-auth	No-preauth user → password crack
Delegation Abuse	Exploit unconstrained/constrained delegation	Computer → impersonate DA
GPO Abuse	Modify GPOs applied to privileged OUs	GPO write → code execution on DA
Session Hijack	Leverage DA sessions on compromised hosts	Admin session → token theft

Validation Criteria

• BloodHound CE deployed and accessible
• SharpHound v2 data collected from all domains in scope
• Data successfully imported into BloodHound CE
• Owned principals marked in the interface
• Shortest paths to Domain Admin identified
• ACL-based attack paths documented
• Kerberoastable and AS-REP roastable accounts listed
• Custom Cypher queries executed for advanced analysis
• Attack paths prioritized by feasibility and stealth
• Report generated with all identified paths and evidence