Zod Schema Generator

Before generating any output, read config/defaults.md and adapt all patterns, imports, and code examples to the user's configured stack.

Process

1. Identify the source: Prisma model, TypeScript interface/type, or raw JSON example.
2. Determine schema purpose: input validation (create/update), output validation (API response), or full round-trip.
3. Generate Zod schema with correct types, optional fields, and refinements.
4. Add .transform() and .refine() where appropriate.
5. Output the schema file with proper imports and exports.

Source: Prisma Model

Parse the Prisma model and generate both input and output schemas.

Input Schema (for create/update)

Omit auto-generated fields (id, createdAt, updatedAt) and fields with @default.

model User {
  id        String   @id @default(cuid())
  email     String   @unique
  name      String?
  role      Role     @default(USER)
  posts     Post[]
  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
  updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
}

// Generated: user.schema.ts
import { z } from "zod";

export const createUserSchema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email().trim().toLowerCase(),
  name: z.string().min(1).trim().optional(),
  role: z.enum(["USER", "ADMIN"]).optional(), // has @default
});

export const updateUserSchema = createUserSchema.partial();

export type CreateUserInput = z.infer<typeof createUserSchema>;
export type UpdateUserInput = z.infer<typeof updateUserSchema>;

Output Schema (for API responses)

Include all fields. Use z.coerce.date() for DateTime fields.

export const userSchema = z.object({
  id: z.string().cuid(),
  email: z.string().email(),
  name: z.string().nullable(),
  role: z.enum(["USER", "ADMIN"]),
  createdAt: z.coerce.date(),
  updatedAt: z.coerce.date(),
});

export type User = z.infer<typeof userSchema>;

Relations

For input schemas, generate nested create/connect patterns:

// One-to-many: creating a post with author
export const createPostSchema = z.object({
  title: z.string().min(1).max(255),
  content: z.string(),
  author: z.union([
    z.object({ connect: z.object({ id: z.string() }) }),
    z.object({ create: createUserSchema }),
  ]),
});

For output schemas, include the related object shape:

export const postWithAuthorSchema = postSchema.extend({
  author: userSchema,
});

Source: TypeScript Interface

Map TypeScript types directly to Zod equivalents.

// Input
interface OrderItem {
  productId: string;
  quantity: number;
  price: number;
  notes?: string;
  metadata: Record<string, unknown>;
}

// Generated
export const orderItemSchema = z.object({
  productId: z.string().uuid(),
  quantity: z.number().int().positive(),
  price: z.number().nonnegative(),
  notes: z.string().optional(),
  metadata: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()),
});

Discriminated Unions

// Input
type PaymentMethod =
  | { type: "card"; cardNumber: string; expiry: string }
  | { type: "bank"; accountNumber: string; routingNumber: string }
  | { type: "crypto"; walletAddress: string };

// Generated
export const paymentMethodSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("type", [
  z.object({
    type: z.literal("card"),
    cardNumber: z.string().regex(/^\d{16}$/),
    expiry: z.string().regex(/^\d{2}\/\d{2}$/),
  }),
  z.object({
    type: z.literal("bank"),
    accountNumber: z.string(),
    routingNumber: z.string().regex(/^\d{9}$/),
  }),
  z.object({
    type: z.literal("crypto"),
    walletAddress: z.string().min(26).max(62),
  }),
]);

Source: JSON Example

Infer schema from a JSON payload by analyzing value types and structure.

{
  "name": "Acme Corp",
  "employees": 150,
  "active": true,
  "tags": ["tech", "startup"],
  "address": {
    "street": "123 Main St",
    "city": "Springfield",
    "zip": "62701"
  }
}

// Generated (with refinement suggestions in comments)
export const companySchema = z.object({
  name: z.string().min(1),
  employees: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
  active: z.boolean(),
  tags: z.array(z.string()),
  address: z.object({
    street: z.string(),
    city: z.string(),
    zip: z.string().regex(/^\d{5}(-\d{4})?$/), // inferred US zip
  }),
});

Common Refinements

Apply these automatically when field names or patterns suggest them:

Field pattern	Refinement
email	.email().trim().toLowerCase()
url, website	.url()
id, *Id (cuid)	.cuid() or .cuid2()
uuid, *Uuid	.uuid()
phone	.regex(/^\+?[\d\s-()]+$/)
password	.min(8)
*At (timestamps)	z.coerce.date()
slug	.regex(/^[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*$/)
price, amount	.nonnegative()
quantity, count	.int().nonnegative()

File Placement

• Colocated: Place schema next to the model/route it validates (e.g., app/api/users/schema.ts).
• Centralized: Place in lib/validations/ or src/schemas/ when schemas are shared across multiple routes.

Match the project's existing pattern. Default to colocated if no convention exists.

Output Format

## Generated Zod Schema

**Source**: [Prisma model | TypeScript interface | JSON example]
**File**: `path/to/schema.ts`

[Generated code block]

### Refinements Applied
- `email`: Added `.email().trim().toLowerCase()`
- `createdAt`: Used `z.coerce.date()` for DateTime

### Usage Example
[Short example showing schema.parse() or schema.safeParse()]

Reference

See references/prisma-zod-mapping.md for the complete Prisma-to-Zod type mapping table and refinement catalog.