Nunchuk Coldcard HSM

If the user is creating a wallet, also use nunchuk-wallet-creation.

If the user wants to create a wallet with Coldcard or add a Coldcard key, ask whether they want plain Coldcard signing or HSM mode before other Coldcard-specific setup questions, unless they already mentioned HSM.

Requires ckcc on PATH.

Install ckcc:

pip install 'ckcc-protocol[cli]'

Use Coldcard with Nunchuk

Progress:

• Export the descriptor with ckcc xpub -v.
• Add the key to the wallet with nunchuk sandbox add-key --descriptor.
• Create the wallet and export the descriptor to a file.
• Enroll it on the Coldcard with ckcc upload <descriptor-file> --miniscript.
• Sign a transaction with nunchuk tx get --wallet <wallet-id> --tx-id <txid> --json | jq -r .psbt > <txid.psbt>, ckcc sign --base64 <txid.psbt>, and nunchuk tx sign --psbt <signed-psbt-base64>.

Export a mainnet account descriptor:

ckcc xpub -v "m/48'/0'/0'/2'"
nunchuk sandbox add-key <sandbox-id> --slot 0 --descriptor "[xfp/48h/0h/0h/2h]xpub..."

Export a testnet account descriptor:

ckcc xpub -v "m/48'/1'/0'/2'"
nunchuk sandbox add-key <sandbox-id> --slot 0 --descriptor "[xfp/48h/1h/0h/2h]tpub..."

If you are not sure which network the Coldcard is using:

ckcc chain

Get fingerprint and xpub separately if needed:

ckcc xfp
ckcc xpub "m/48'/1'/0'/2'"

Enroll an exported wallet descriptor:

nunchuk wallet export <wallet-id> --type descriptor > wallet.txt
ckcc upload wallet.txt --miniscript

For MK3 classic multisig config only:

nunchuk wallet export <wallet-id> --type multisig-config > wallet.txt
ckcc upload wallet.txt --multisig

List registered miniscript wallet names:

ckcc miniscript ls

Inspect one registered miniscript wallet:

ckcc miniscript get <wallet-name>

Use Coldcard in HSM Mode

HSM Mode is the Coldcard feature for signing transactions without a person physically present. It is an advanced setup that requires extra software and a policy.json file. Not supported on COLDCARD Q.

Read these references as needed:

• Read references/coldcard-hsm-rules.md when creating or reviewing policy.json rules and top-level policy settings.
• Read references/coldcard-hsm-local-codes.md when the policy uses local_conf.
• Read references/coldcard-hsm-security.md before enabling boot_to_hsm, priv_over_ux, or other unattended-signing security settings.

Progress:

• Create, finalize, and enroll the wallet on Coldcard.
• Do not treat the step above as completion for an HSM request.
• Ask whether the user wants unrestricted signing or a custom policy.
• Use unrestricted signing by default if the user does not ask for spending limits, whitelists, local confirmation, or HSM users.
• Create HSM users only if the policy requires user authorization.
• Validate policy.json with ckcc hsm-start -n policy.json.
• Start HSM Mode with ckcc hsm-start.
• Confirm the active policy on the Coldcard screen.
• Check status with ckcc hsm.
• Authorize transactions with ckcc auth <user> for TOTP or ckcc auth <user> -p for password if the active policy requires user authorization.
• Sign transactions with ckcc sign --base64 <tx.psbt> so the result can be passed to nunchuk tx sign --psbt.

Unrestricted policy.json:

{
  "never_log": true,
  "rules": [
    {}
  ]
}

Example limited policy.json:

{
  "notes": "Office wallet policy",
  "never_log": true,
  "period": 1440,
  "rules": [
    {
      "max_amount": 1000000,
      "per_period": 5000000
    }
  ]
}

This example allows up to 0.01 BTC per transaction and 0.05 BTC per 24 hours.

For a custom policy, read references/coldcard-hsm-rules.md first.

HSM users

For TOTP, the usual flow is to scan the QR shown on the Coldcard with any RFC6238-compatible authentication app, such as FreeOTP (https://freeotp.github.io/) or Google Authenticator. Use --show-qr if you want the QR contents locally instead.

Create a TOTP user:

ckcc user alice

Create a password user with a Coldcard-generated password:

ckcc user alice --pass

Create a password user with a password you enter:

ckcc user alice --ask-pass

Create a password user non-interactively:

ckcc user alice --text-secret "my-secret-password"

Authorize a TOTP user for HSM signing:

ckcc auth alice 123456

Authorize a password user for HSM signing:

ckcc auth alice "my-secret-password" --psbt-file tx.psbt

Delete a user:

ckcc user alice --delete

Start HSM mode

Validate a policy file first:

ckcc hsm-start -n policy.json

Start HSM mode:

# Confirm on the Coldcard screen.
ckcc hsm-start policy.json

Check current HSM status:

ckcc hsm

Defaults

• Prefer ckcc xpub -v because it prints [xfp/path]xpub in a form you can paste into nunchuk sandbox add-key --descriptor.
• Use unrestricted signing (never_log: true, rules: [{}]) by default unless the user asks for custom constraints.
• Use ckcc hsm-start -n before uploading a new policy file.
• Create HSM users only before activating a policy that references them.

Gotchas

• If the Coldcard network is wrong, the exported path and xpub or tpub prefix will not match the wallet network. Check ckcc chain if you are unsure.
• Default to ckcc upload <descriptor-file> --miniscript for exported descriptors. Use --multisig only for MK3 classic multisig config files.
• For signing, enroll the wallet on the Coldcard before entering HSM Mode. If the wallet is unknown, Coldcard may try to import it from the PSBT, but HSM Mode blocks that path with MS enroll not allowed in HSM mode.
• Run ckcc auth when the active HSM rule requires user authorization. For password users, the approval is tied to the exact PSBT file. For the current PSBT, approvals can be queued before signing.
• ckcc hsm-start needs approval on the Coldcard screen.
• ckcc hsm shows only a summary of the active policy.
• Use ckcc sign --base64 for Nunchuk import; without it, ckcc sign writes binary PSBT output.
• If ckcc sign fails with OSError: read error and no SD card is inserted, set "never_log": true in policy.json.
• Removing a user can invalidate a policy that refers to that user.
• Read references/coldcard-hsm-rules.md before editing or reviewing a Coldcard HSM policy file.
• If policy.json needs a wallet name for a miniscript wallet, enroll first and use ckcc miniscript ls to find the registered wallet name.
• Read references/coldcard-hsm-local-codes.md before using local_conf.
• Read references/coldcard-hsm-security.md before using boot_to_hsm or priv_over_ux.