blender-syntax-properties

Quick Reference

Property Type Selection

Need	Property Type	Python Type
Toggle/flag	BoolProperty	bool
Count/index	IntProperty	int
Size/factor	FloatProperty	float
Name/path	StringProperty	str
Dropdown/mode	EnumProperty	str (identifier)
Axis toggles (X, Y, Z)	BoolVectorProperty	tuple[bool, ...]
Dimensions	IntVectorProperty	tuple[int, ...]
Color/position/rotation	FloatVectorProperty	tuple[float, ...]
Link to another type	PointerProperty	Reference to PropertyGroup or ID
Dynamic list	CollectionProperty	List of PropertyGroup items

Critical Warnings

ALWAYS use Python annotation syntax (: not =) for property declarations in classes.

ALWAYS register sub-PropertyGroups BEFORE parent PropertyGroups — registration order matters.

ALWAYS store dynamic enum callback results in a module-level variable to prevent garbage collection crashes.

ALWAYS set explicit unique integer values in enum items used with ENUM_FLAG or getter/setter patterns.

NEVER modify the property that triggered an update callback — causes infinite recursion.

NEVER define set without a matching get callback — Blender raises an error.

NEVER call operators inside update callbacks — they trigger undo and corrupt state.

NEVER set default on EnumProperty when items is a callback — use default=None or omit it.

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Version-Critical Changes

Version	Change	Impact
4.1	Enum ID properties via id_properties_ui	Integer custom properties can display as dropdowns
5.0	property_unset() replaces del obj["prop"]	RNA properties use separate storage from custom properties
5.0	get_transform / set_transform callbacks	Faster alternative to get/set using internal storage
5.0	IDProperty storage split	bpy.props-defined properties no longer accessible via dict syntax

Blender 5.0 Property Storage Split

# Blender <5.0: dict access to RNA properties worked
value = obj["my_rna_prop"]  # WORKED in 4.x

# Blender 5.0+: dict access BROKEN for bpy.props-defined properties
value = obj["my_rna_prop"]  # Returns None or KeyError

# CORRECT in 5.0+: use RNA path
value = obj.my_rna_prop

# Reset property to default (replaces del obj["prop"]):
obj.property_unset("my_rna_prop")

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Essential Patterns

Pattern 1: Basic Property Declaration

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x — annotation syntax REQUIRED
class MyOperator(bpy.types.Operator):
    bl_idname = "object.my_operator"
    bl_label = "My Operator"

    count: bpy.props.IntProperty(name="Count", default=5, min=1, max=100)
    factor: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Factor", default=1.0, subtype='FACTOR')
    name_input: bpy.props.StringProperty(name="Name", default="Object")

Pattern 2: PropertyGroup Registration

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
class MySettings(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
    enabled: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Enabled", default=True)
    count: bpy.props.IntProperty(name="Count", default=5, min=1)
    scale: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Scale", default=1.0, min=0.01)

def register():
    bpy.utils.register_class(MySettings)
    bpy.types.Scene.my_settings = bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=MySettings)

def unregister():
    del bpy.types.Scene.my_settings
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(MySettings)

Pattern 3: Nested PropertyGroups

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x — registration order is CRITICAL
class SubSettings(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
    value: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Value", default=0.0)

class MainSettings(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
    sub: bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=SubSettings)
    items: bpy.props.CollectionProperty(type=SubSettings)
    active_index: bpy.props.IntProperty()

def register():
    bpy.utils.register_class(SubSettings)    # FIRST: sub-types
    bpy.utils.register_class(MainSettings)   # SECOND: parent type
    bpy.types.Scene.settings = bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=MainSettings)

def unregister():
    del bpy.types.Scene.settings
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(MainSettings)  # Reverse order
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(SubSettings)

Pattern 4: Static EnumProperty

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
# Items: (identifier, name, description[, icon[, number]])
my_mode: bpy.props.EnumProperty(
    name="Mode",
    items=[
        ('FAST', "Fast", "Low quality, fast render", 'PLAY', 0),
        ('MEDIUM', "Medium", "Balanced quality", 'PAUSE', 1),
        ('HIGH', "High", "High quality, slow render", 'RENDER_STILL', 2),
    ],
    default='MEDIUM',
)

Pattern 5: Dynamic EnumProperty

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
# WARNING: MUST store results to prevent garbage collection crash

_enum_items_cache = []  # Module-level storage REQUIRED

def get_object_items(self, context):
    global _enum_items_cache
    _enum_items_cache = [
        (obj.name, obj.name, f"Select {obj.name}", 'OBJECT_DATA', i)
        for i, obj in enumerate(bpy.data.objects)
    ]
    if not _enum_items_cache:
        _enum_items_cache = [('NONE', "None", "No objects available", 'ERROR', 0)]
    return _enum_items_cache

my_object: bpy.props.EnumProperty(
    name="Object",
    items=get_object_items,
    # default MUST be None or omitted when items is a callback
)

Pattern 6: Update Callback

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
def on_count_changed(self, context):
    # SAFE: modify OTHER properties on self
    if self.count > 10:
        self.warning = "High count may impact performance"
    # UNSAFE: do NOT modify self.count here (infinite recursion)
    # UNSAFE: do NOT call bpy.ops.* here (undo corruption)

class MySettings(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
    count: bpy.props.IntProperty(
        name="Count", default=5, update=on_count_changed,
    )
    warning: bpy.props.StringProperty()

Pattern 7: Getter/Setter

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
def get_computed(self):
    # Compute value on read — no internal storage
    return len(bpy.data.objects)

def set_computed(self, value):
    # Handle write — must store somewhere if persistence needed
    self["_cached_count"] = value

class MySettings(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
    object_count: bpy.props.IntProperty(
        name="Object Count",
        get=get_computed,
        set=set_computed,
    )

Pattern 8: Get/Set Transform (Blender 5.0+)

# Blender 5.0+ ONLY — faster than get/set, uses internal storage
def clamp_transform(self, new_value, curr_value, is_set):
    """Transform value before storing."""
    return max(0.0, min(new_value, 100.0))

def display_transform(self, curr_value, is_set):
    """Transform value on read."""
    return curr_value * 2.0 if is_set else 0.0

class MySettings(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
    clamped: bpy.props.FloatProperty(
        name="Clamped",
        set_transform=clamp_transform,
        get_transform=display_transform,
    )

Pattern 9: ENUM_FLAG (Multi-Select)

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x — numbers MUST be powers of 2
my_flags: bpy.props.EnumProperty(
    name="Axes",
    items=[
        ('X', "X Axis", "Include X axis", 1),
        ('Y', "Y Axis", "Include Y axis", 2),
        ('Z', "Z Axis", "Include Z axis", 4),
    ],
    options={'ENUM_FLAG'},
    default={'X', 'Z'},  # Default is a SET, not a string
)

Pattern 10: PointerProperty with Poll

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x — filter selectable objects
def filter_mesh_objects(self, obj):
    return obj.type == 'MESH'

class MySettings(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
    target: bpy.props.PointerProperty(
        type=bpy.types.Object,
        name="Target",
        poll=filter_mesh_objects,
    )

Pattern 11: CollectionProperty Operations

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
scene = bpy.context.scene

# Add item
item = scene.my_settings.items.add()
item.name = "New Item"
item.value = 42.0

# Remove by index
scene.my_settings.items.remove(0)

# Move item (from_index, to_index)
scene.my_settings.items.move(0, 2)

# Clear all
scene.my_settings.items.clear()

# Iterate
for item in scene.my_settings.items:
    print(item.name, item.value)

# Access by index
first = scene.my_settings.items[0]

# Find by name (returns index or -1)
idx = scene.my_settings.items.find("New Item")

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Subtype and Unit Quick Reference

Numeric Subtypes

Subtype	Applies To	Effect
'NONE'	All	Default display
'PIXEL'	Int/Float	Pixel unit display
'UNSIGNED'	Int	Unsigned display
'PERCENTAGE'	Float	0-100% display
'FACTOR'	Float	0.0-1.0 slider
'ANGLE'	Float	Radians with degree display
'TIME'	Float	Scene-relative time (frames)
'TIME_ABSOLUTE'	Float	Absolute time (seconds)
'DISTANCE'	Float	Distance in scene units
'POWER'	Float	Power unit display
'TEMPERATURE'	Float	Temperature display

Vector Subtypes

Subtype	Applies To	Effect
'COLOR'	FloatVector	Linear RGB color picker
'COLOR_GAMMA'	FloatVector	Gamma-space color picker
'TRANSLATION'	FloatVector	Position in scene units
'DIRECTION'	FloatVector	Normalized direction
'VELOCITY'	FloatVector	Velocity vector
'ACCELERATION'	FloatVector	Acceleration vector
'EULER'	FloatVector	Euler rotation (radians)
'QUATERNION'	FloatVector	Quaternion rotation (size=4)
'AXISANGLE'	FloatVector	Axis-angle rotation (size=4)
'XYZ'	FloatVector	Generic XYZ coordinates
'MATRIX'	FloatVector	Matrix representation

String Subtypes

Subtype	Effect
'NONE'	Plain text input
'FILE_PATH'	File browser button
'DIR_PATH'	Directory browser button
'FILE_NAME'	File name field
'BYTE_STRING'	Byte string
'PASSWORD'	Masked input (***)

Unit Values (FloatProperty / FloatVectorProperty only)

Unit	Display
'NONE'	No unit
'LENGTH'	Scene length unit
'AREA'	Area (length²)
'VOLUME'	Volume (length³)
'ROTATION'	Degrees/radians
'TIME'	Scene-relative time
'TIME_ABSOLUTE'	Absolute seconds
'VELOCITY'	Speed
'ACCELERATION'	Acceleration
'MASS'	Mass
'CAMERA'	Camera distance
'POWER'	Power
'TEMPERATURE'	Temperature

Options Flags

Flag	Applies To	Effect
'HIDDEN'	All	Hidden from UI, accessible via Python
'SKIP_SAVE'	All	Value not saved between operator invocations
'ANIMATABLE'	All (default)	Can be keyframed
'LIBRARY_EDITABLE'	All	Editable on linked data-blocks
'PROPORTIONAL'	Numeric	Proportional editing support
'TEXTEDIT_UPDATE'	String	Updates on each keystroke
'ENUM_FLAG'	Enum only	Multi-select with power-of-2 values

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Decision Trees

When to Use PointerProperty vs CollectionProperty

Need to reference ONE item?
├── YES → PointerProperty
│   ├── Reference to another PropertyGroup? → type=MyPropertyGroup
│   └── Reference to an ID type? → type=bpy.types.Object (or Material, etc.)
└── NO → Need a LIST of items?
    └── YES → CollectionProperty(type=MyPropertyGroup)
        └── Track active selection? → Add IntProperty for active_index

When to Use get/set vs get_transform/set_transform

Blender version?
├── <5.0 → Use get/set (only option)
└── >=5.0
    ├── Need custom storage logic? → Use get/set
    └── Only need value transformation?
        └── Use get_transform/set_transform (faster, uses internal storage)

When to Use update vs msgbus

Property changes on THIS class?
├── YES → Use update callback on the property
└── NO → Watching EXTERNAL property changes?
    └── YES → Use bpy.msgbus.subscribe_rna()

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Attachment Points

Properties can be attached to any Blender ID type:

# Per-scene settings
bpy.types.Scene.my_prop = bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=MySettings)

# Per-object settings
bpy.types.Object.my_prop = bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=MySettings)

# Per-material settings
bpy.types.Material.my_prop = bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Custom")

# Per-mesh settings
bpy.types.Mesh.my_prop = bpy.props.IntProperty(name="Custom")

# Per-bone settings
bpy.types.Bone.my_prop = bpy.props.StringProperty(name="Custom")

# Per-window-manager (session-only, not saved)
bpy.types.WindowManager.my_prop = bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Temp")

WindowManager properties are session-only — they reset when Blender restarts. Use for temporary UI state.

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Reference Links

• references/methods.md — Complete API signatures for all bpy.props types
• references/examples.md — Working code examples for every property pattern
• references/anti-patterns.md — What NOT to do, with explanations

Official Sources

• https://docs.blender.org/api/current/bpy.props.html
• https://docs.blender.org/api/current/bpy.types.PropertyGroup.html
• https://developer.blender.org/docs/release_notes/5.0/python_api/
• https://developer.blender.org/docs/release_notes/4.1/python_api/