Merge Stacked PRs

Merge a linear chain of stacked PRs into main one at a time, re-targeting each subsequent PR to main before merging.

Workflow

1. Discover the stack

gh pr list --state open \
  --json number,title,headRefName,baseRefName,additions,deletions \
  --jq '.[] | "#\(.number) \(.headRefName) → \(.baseRefName) (+\(.additions) -\(.deletions))"'

If a branch prefix argument is provided, filter to only PRs whose branch names match it. Confirm the PRs form a single linear chain ending at main. Show the user the full stack, bottom to top, and get confirmation before proceeding.

2. Merge bottom-up

Starting with the PR that targets main:

1. Merge it: gh pr merge <number> --merge

2. For each next PR in the chain: a. Re-target to main with the REST API:

   repo=$(gh repo view --json nameWithOwner --jq .nameWithOwner)
   gh api -X PATCH "repos/${repo}/pulls/<number>" -f base=main \
     --jq '"#\(.number) \(.head.ref) → \(.base.ref)"'
   

   If GH_HOST is set to a host that is not the PR host, unset or correct it for both commands. For a GitHub.com PR from an environment with a stale enterprise/internal GH_HOST, use:

   repo=$(env -u GH_HOST gh repo view --json nameWithOwner --jq .nameWithOwner)
   env -u GH_HOST gh api -X PATCH "repos/${repo}/pulls/<number>" -f base=main \
     --jq '"#\(.number) \(.head.ref) → \(.base.ref)"'
   

   b. Merge it: gh pr merge <number> --merge

3. Repeat until all PRs are merged.

Use --merge, not --squash or --rebase, to preserve commit history unless the user requests otherwise.

Prefer the REST retarget command above instead of gh pr edit <number> --base main. GitHub CLI 2.45.0 can route gh pr edit through a broader GraphQL path that queries repository.pullRequest.projectCards even when no project flag is used. That can fail because Projects Classic fields are deprecated. The REST "Update a pull request" endpoint accepts base directly and changes exactly the field this workflow needs.

If REST retargeting fails, stop and report the GitHub error. Do not fall back to gh pr edit; permission, validation, and base-branch errors should be fixed directly. Fine-grained tokens need pull-request write access.

Changing a PR base can make commits disappear from the PR timeline and mark review comments outdated. This workflow still does it intentionally because each PR is merged into main first, then the next PR must target the newly updated base. Retargeting does not update or merge main into the PR head branch.

References:

• https://github.com/cli/cli/issues/11983
• https://github.com/cli/cli/issues/11986
• https://docs.github.com/en/graphql/overview/breaking-changes
• https://docs.github.com/en/rest/pulls/pulls#update-a-pull-request
• Changing the base branch of a pull request

3. Verify

gh pr list --state open

Confirm zero open PRs remain (or only unrelated PRs remain) and report the result.

Notes

• Always show the user the discovered stack and get confirmation before merging anything.
• If a merge fails (e.g. conflicts), stop and report the issue rather than continuing.
• If a merge fails because required CI checks have not passed, common after re-targeting to main, suggest gh pr merge <number> --merge --auto to auto-merge once checks pass.
• The branch naming pattern is typically incremental, for example feature-1, feature-2, but detect the actual chain by following base branch references, not by name pattern.