Storage Development Guide

This skill provides guidance for developers working with the @rytass/storages base package, including creating new storage adapters.

Overview

The @rytass/storages package defines the core interfaces and types that all storage adapters must implement. It follows the adapter pattern to provide a unified API across different storage providers.

Package: @rytass/storages (v0.2.5)

Adapters built on this base:

@rytass/storages-adapter-s3 - AWS S3
@rytass/storages-adapter-gcs - Google Cloud Storage
@rytass/storages-adapter-r2 - Cloudflare R2
@rytass/storages-adapter-azure-blob - Azure Blob Storage
@rytass/storages-adapter-local - Local File System

Architecture

@rytass/storages (Base Package)
    │
    ├── StorageInterface              # Core interface all adapters must implement
    ├── Storage<O>                    # Base class with helper methods (not abstract)
    ├── ConverterManager              # File converter pipeline system (from @rytass/file-converter)
    ├── Types & Interfaces            # Shared type definitions
    └── Error Handling                # StorageError, ErrorCode enums

@rytass/storages-adapter-*           # Provider implementations
    │
    ├── [Provider]Storage             # Extends Storage<ProviderOptions>
    ├── typings.ts                    # Provider-specific option types
    └── index.ts                      # Package exports

Core Concepts

InputFile: Buffer | Readable - Files to upload can be either in-memory buffers or streams
StorageFile: { key: string } - Uploaded file reference containing the storage key/path
Hash-Based Naming: Automatically generate unique filenames using SHA1 or SHA256 hash of file content
File Converters: Transform or process files during upload (e.g., image resizing, watermarking)
Unified Interface: All adapters implement the same methods for seamless provider switching

Installation

npm install @rytass/storages

Quick Reference

Core Interfaces

StorageInterface - Core interface defining the storage contract:

interface StorageInterface {
  // Upload operations (Note: options are NOT part of the interface)
  write(file: InputFile): Promise<StorageFile>;
  batchWrite(files: InputFile[]): Promise<StorageFile[]>;

  // Download operations
  read(key: string): Promise<Readable>;
  read(key: string, options: ReadBufferFileOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
  read(key: string, options: ReadStreamFileOptions): Promise<Readable>;

  // File management
  remove(key: string): Promise<void>;
  // Note: isExists() is NOT part of the interface, it's in Storage class
}

Storage<O> Class - Base implementation with helper methods (not abstract, uses throw to force override):

class Storage<O extends Record<string, unknown> = Record<string, unknown>>
  implements StorageInterface {
  // Provided by base class
  readonly converterManager: ConverterManager;
  readonly hashAlgorithm: FilenameHashAlgorithm;

  constructor(options?: StorageOptions<O>);

  // File type detection helpers
  getExtension(file: InputFile): Promise<FileTypeResult | undefined>;
  getBufferFilename(buffer: Buffer): Promise<[string, string | undefined]>;
  getStreamFilename(stream: Readable): Promise<[string, string | undefined]>;

  // Methods to override (throw Error by default, subclasses must override)
  write(file: InputFile, options?: WriteFileOptions): Promise<StorageFile>;
  batchWrite(files: InputFile[], options?: WriteFileOptions[]): Promise<StorageFile[]>;
  read(key: string): Promise<Readable>;
  read(key: string, options: ReadBufferFileOptions): Promise<Buffer>;
  read(key: string, options: ReadStreamFileOptions): Promise<Readable>;
  remove(key: string): Promise<void>;

  // Additional method to override (NOT in StorageInterface)
  isExists(key: string): Promise<boolean>;
}

Note: The Storage class is NOT abstract. Instead, methods throw Error('Method not implemented.') by default, requiring subclasses to override them. The write and batchWrite methods accept options parameter in the implementation but NOT in StorageInterface.

Must Implement

All adapters extending Storage<O> MUST override these methods (not abstract, but throw by default):

Method	Source	Description
`write(file, options?)`	Storage class (options not in interface)	Upload a single file and return storage key
`batchWrite(files, options?)`	Storage class (options not in interface)	Upload multiple files in parallel
`read(key, options?)`	StorageInterface	Download file as Buffer or Stream
`remove(key)`	StorageInterface	Delete a file
`isExists(key)`	Storage class only	Check if file exists (not in interface)

Note: isExists() is defined in the Storage class but NOT in StorageInterface. This means adapters must implement it, but code depending only on StorageInterface cannot assume it exists. Similarly, the options parameter for write and batchWrite is only in the Storage class implementation.

Optional Features

Adapters MAY implement these additional methods:

Method	Description	Example
`url(key, options?)`	Generate presigned/signed URL for temporary access	Cloud adapters (S3, GCS, R2, Azure)
Custom helpers	Provider-specific utilities	`getUsageInfo()` in Local adapter

Common Types

// Input/Output Types (from @rytass/file-converter)
type ConvertableFile = Readable | Buffer;
type InputFile = ConvertableFile;  // Re-exported alias

type FileKey = string;
interface StorageFile {
  readonly key: FileKey;
}

// Options Types
interface StorageOptions<O extends Record<string, unknown>> {
  converters?: FileConverter<O>[];
  hashAlgorithm?: 'sha1' | 'sha256';
}

interface WriteFileOptions {
  filename?: string;      // Custom filename (overrides hash-based generation)
  contentType?: string;   // MIME type for the file
}

// Read Format Options
interface ReadBufferFileOptions {
  format: 'buffer';
}

interface ReadStreamFileOptions {
  format: 'stream';
}

Error Codes

enum ErrorCode {
  WRITE_FILE_ERROR = '101',     // Failed to upload file
  READ_FILE_ERROR = '102',      // Failed to download file
  REMOVE_FILE_ERROR = '103',    // Failed to delete file
  UNRECOGNIZED_ERROR = '104',   // Unknown error
  DIRECTORY_NOT_FOUND = '201',  // Directory doesn't exist (Local adapter)
  FILE_NOT_FOUND = '202',       // File doesn't exist
}

Key Responsibilities

When implementing a new storage adapter, you are responsible for:

Extending Storage<YourOptions> - Inherit from the base class
Defining Configuration Interface - Specify required and optional settings
Overriding Required Methods - Override methods that throw by default
Handling Buffers and Streams - Support both input formats
Using Hash-Based Filenames - Leverage getBufferFilename() / getStreamFilename()
Integrating File Converters - Apply converterManager.convert() before upload
Throwing Appropriate Errors - Use StorageError with correct ErrorCode
Writing Tests - Ensure reliability and correctness

File Converter System

The base package includes a converter system for processing files during upload:

// From @rytass/file-converter
type ConvertableFile = Readable | Buffer;

interface FileConverter<O = Record<string, unknown>> {
  convert<Buffer>(file: ConvertableFile): Promise<Buffer>;
  convert<Readable>(file: ConvertableFile): Promise<Readable>;
}

class ConverterManager {
  constructor(converters: FileConverter[]);
  convert<ConvertableFileFormat extends ConvertableFile>(file: ConvertableFile): Promise<ConvertableFileFormat>;
}

// Usage in adapter
const convertedFile = await this.converterManager.convert(inputFile);

Example converters:

Image resizing
Image watermarking
Format transcoding
Compression

Converters are executed in sequence before the file is uploaded to the storage provider.

Detailed Documentation

For complete interface specifications and step-by-step implementation guide:

Base Interfaces Reference - Complete type definitions and interface specifications
Creating an Adapter - Step-by-step guide to implementing a new storage adapter

storage-development