Apple HIG: Design Foundations

Check for .claude/apple-design-context.md before asking questions. Use existing context and only ask for information not already covered.

Key Principles

1. Prioritize content over chrome. Reduce visual clutter. Use system-provided materials and subtle separators rather than heavy borders and backgrounds.

2. Build in accessibility from the start. Design for VoiceOver, Dynamic Type, Reduce Motion, Increase Contrast, and Switch Control from day one. Every interactive element needs an accessible label.

3. Use system colors and materials. System colors adapt to light/dark mode, increased contrast, and vibrancy. Prefer semantic colors (label, secondaryLabel, systemBackground) over hard-coded values.

4. Use platform fonts and icons. SF Pro, SF Compact, SF Mono by default. New York for serif. Follow the type hierarchy at recommended sizes. Use SF Symbols for iconography.

5. Match platform conventions. Align look and behavior with system standards. Provide direct, responsive manipulation and clear feedback for every action.

6. Respect privacy. Request permissions only when needed, explain why clearly, provide value before asking for data. Design for minimal data collection.

7. Support internationalization. Accommodate text expansion, right-to-left scripts, and varying date/number formats. Use Auto Layout for dynamic content sizing.

8. Use motion purposefully. Animation should communicate meaning and spatial relationships. Honor Reduce Motion by providing crossfade alternatives.

Reference Index

Reference	Topic	Key content
accessibility.md	Accessibility	VoiceOver, Dynamic Type, color contrast, motor accessibility, Switch Control, audio descriptions
app-icons.md	App Icons	Icon grid, platform-specific sizes, single focal point, no transparency
branding.md	Branding	Integrating brand identity within Apple's design language, subtle branding, custom tints
color.md	Color	System colors, Dynamic Colors, semantic colors, custom palettes, contrast ratios
dark-mode.md	Dark Mode	Elevated surfaces, semantic colors, adapted palettes, vibrancy, testing in both modes
icons.md	Icons	Glyph icons, SF Symbols integration, custom icon design, icon weights, optical alignment
images.md	Images	Image resolution, @2x/@3x assets, vector assets, image accessibility
immersive-experiences.md	Immersive Experiences	AR/VR design, spatial immersion, comfort zones, progressive immersion levels
inclusion.md	Inclusion	Diverse representation, non-gendered language, cultural sensitivity, inclusive defaults
layout.md	Layout	Margins, spacing, alignment, safe areas, adaptive layouts, readable content guides
materials.md	Materials	Vibrancy, blur, translucency, system materials, material thickness
motion.md	Motion	Animation curves, transitions, continuity, Reduce Motion support, physics-based motion
privacy.md	Privacy	Permission requests, usage descriptions, privacy nutrition labels, minimal data collection
right-to-left.md	Right-to-Left	RTL layout mirroring, bidirectional text, icons that flip, exceptions
sf-symbols.md	SF Symbols	Symbol categories, rendering modes, variable color, custom symbols, weight matching
spatial-layout.md	Spatial Layout	visionOS window placement, depth, ergonomic zones, Z-axis design
typography.md	Typography	SF Pro, Dynamic Type sizes, text styles, custom fonts, font weight hierarchy, line spacing
writing.md	Writing	UI copy guidelines, tone, capitalization rules, error messages, button labels, conciseness

Applying Foundations Together

Consider how principles interact:

1. Color + Dark Mode + Accessibility -- Custom palettes must work in both modes while maintaining WCAG contrast ratios. Start with system semantic colors.

2. Typography + Accessibility + Layout -- Dynamic Type must scale without breaking layouts. Use text styles and Auto Layout for the full range of type sizes.

3. Icons + Branding + SF Symbols -- Custom icons should match SF Symbols weight and optical sizing. Brand elements should integrate without overriding system conventions.

4. Motion + Accessibility + Feedback -- Every animation must have a Reduce Motion alternative. Motion should reinforce spatial relationships, not decorate.

5. Privacy + Writing + Onboarding -- Permission requests need clear, specific usage descriptions. Time them to when the user will understand the benefit.

Output Format

1. Cite the specific HIG foundation with file and section.
2. Note platform differences for the user's target platforms.
3. Provide concrete code patterns (SwiftUI/UIKit/AppKit).
4. Explain accessibility impact (contrast ratios, Dynamic Type scaling, VoiceOver behavior).

Questions to Ask

1. Which platforms are you targeting?
2. Do you have existing brand guidelines?
3. What accessibility level are you targeting? (WCAG AA, AAA, Apple baseline?)
4. System colors or custom?

Related Skills

• hig-platforms -- How foundations apply per platform (e.g., type scale differences on watchOS vs macOS)
• hig-patterns -- Interaction patterns where foundations like writing and accessibility are critical
• hig-components-layout -- Structural components implementing layout principles
• hig-components-content -- Content display using color, typography, and images

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When to Use

This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.