generate-terraform-provider

Generate a Terraform provider from an OpenAPI specification using the Speakeasy CLI. This skill covers the full lifecycle: annotating your spec with entity metadata, mapping CRUD operations, generating the provider, configuring workflows, and publishing to the Terraform Registry.

Content Guides

Topic	Guide
Advanced Customization	content/customization.md

The customization guide covers entity mapping placement, multi-operation resources, async polling, property customization, plan modification, validation, and state upgraders.

When to Use

• Generating a new Terraform provider from an OpenAPI spec
• Annotating an OpenAPI spec with x-speakeasy-entity and x-speakeasy-entity-operation
• Mapping API operations to Terraform CRUD methods
• Understanding Terraform type inference from OpenAPI schemas
• Configuring workflow.yaml for Terraform provider generation
• Publishing a provider to the Terraform Registry
• User says: "terraform provider", "generate terraform", "create terraform provider", "CRUD mapping", "x-speakeasy-entity", "terraform resource", "terraform registry"

Inputs

Input	Required	Description
OpenAPI spec	Yes	OpenAPI 3.0 or 3.1 specification (local file, URL, or registry source)
Provider name	Yes	PascalCase name for the provider (e.g., Petstore)
Package name	Yes	Lowercase package identifier (e.g., petstore)
Entity annotations	Yes	x-speakeasy-entity on schemas, x-speakeasy-entity-operation on operations

Outputs

Output	Location
Workflow config	.speakeasy/workflow.yaml
Generation config	gen.yaml
Generated Go provider	Output directory (default: current dir)
Terraform examples	examples/ directory

Prerequisites

1. Speakeasy CLI installed and authenticated
2. OpenAPI 3.0 or 3.1 specification with entity annotations
3. Go installed (Terraform providers are written in Go)
4. Authentication: Set SPEAKEASY_API_KEY env var or run speakeasy auth login

export SPEAKEASY_API_KEY="<your-api-key>"

Run speakeasy auth login to authenticate interactively, or set the SPEAKEASY_API_KEY environment variable.

Command

First-time generation (quickstart)

speakeasy quickstart --skip-interactive --output console \
  -s <spec-path> \
  -t terraform \
  -n <ProviderName> \
  -p <package-name>

Regenerate after changes

speakeasy run --output console

Regenerate a specific target

speakeasy run -t <target-name> --output console

Entity Annotations

Before generating, annotate your OpenAPI spec with two extensions:

1. Mark schemas as entities

Add x-speakeasy-entity to component schemas that should become Terraform resources:

components:
  schemas:
    Pet:
      x-speakeasy-entity: Pet
      type: object
      properties:
        id:
          type: string
          readOnly: true
        name:
          type: string
        price:
          type: number
      required:
        - name
        - price

2. Map operations to CRUD methods

Add x-speakeasy-entity-operation to each API operation:

paths:
  /pets:
    post:
      x-speakeasy-entity-operation: Pet#create
      requestBody:
        required: true
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              $ref: "#/components/schemas/Pet"
      responses:
        "200":
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                $ref: "#/components/schemas/Pet"
  /pets/{id}:
    parameters:
      - name: id
        in: path
        required: true
        schema:
          type: string
    get:
      x-speakeasy-entity-operation: Pet#read
      responses:
        "200":
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                $ref: "#/components/schemas/Pet"
    put:
      x-speakeasy-entity-operation: Pet#update
      requestBody:
        required: true
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              $ref: "#/components/schemas/Pet"
      responses:
        "200":
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                $ref: "#/components/schemas/Pet"
    delete:
      x-speakeasy-entity-operation: Pet#delete
      responses:
        "204":
          description: Deleted

CRUD Mapping Summary

HTTP Method	Path	Annotation	Purpose
POST	/resource	Entity#create	Create a new resource
GET	/resource/{id}	Entity#read	Read a single resource
PUT	/resource/{id}	Entity#update	Update a resource
DELETE	/resource/{id}	Entity#delete	Delete a resource

Data sources (list): For list endpoints (GET /resources), use a separate plural entity name with #read (e.g., Pets#read). Do NOT use #list -- it is not a valid operation type.

Terraform Type Inference

Speakeasy infers Terraform schema types from the OpenAPI spec automatically:

Rule	Condition	Terraform Attribute
Required	Property is required in CREATE request body	Required: true
Optional	Property is not required in CREATE request body	Optional: true
Computed	Property appears in response but not in CREATE request	Computed: true
ForceNew	Property exists in CREATE request but not in UPDATE request	ForceNew (forces resource recreation)
Enum validation	Property defined as enum	Validator added for runtime checks

Every parameter needed for READ, UPDATE, or DELETE must either appear in the CREATE response or be required in the CREATE request.

Example

Full workflow: Petstore provider

# 1. Ensure your spec has entity annotations (see above)

# 2. Generate the provider
speakeasy quickstart --skip-interactive --output console \
  -s ./openapi.yaml \
  -t terraform \
  -n Petstore \
  -p petstore

# 3. Build and test
cd terraform-provider-petstore
go build ./...
go test ./...

# 4. After spec changes, regenerate
speakeasy run --output console

This produces a Terraform resource usable as:

resource "petstore_pet" "my_pet" {
  name  = "Buddy"
  price = 1500
}

Workflow Configuration

Local spec

# .speakeasy/workflow.yaml
workflowVersion: 1.0.0
speakeasyVersion: latest
sources:
  my-api:
    inputs:
      - location: ./openapi.yaml
targets:
  my-provider:
    target: terraform
    source: my-api

Remote spec with overlays

For providers built against third-party APIs, fetch the spec remotely and apply local overlays:

# .speakeasy/workflow.yaml
workflowVersion: 1.0.0
speakeasyVersion: latest
sources:
  vendor-api:
    inputs:
      - location: https://api.vendor.com/openapi.yaml
    overlays:
      - location: terraform_overlay.yaml
    output: openapi.yaml
targets:
  vendor-provider:
    target: terraform
    source: vendor-api

Use speakeasy overlay compare to track upstream API changes:

speakeasy overlay compare \
  --before https://api.vendor.com/openapi.yaml \
  --after terraform_overlay.yaml \
  --out overlay-diff.yaml

Repository and Naming Conventions

Repository naming

Name the repository terraform-provider-XXX, where XXX is the provider type name. The provider type name should be lowercase alphanumeric ([a-z][a-z0-9]), though hyphens and underscores are permitted.

Entity naming

Use PascalCase for entity names so they translate correctly to Terraform's underscore naming:

Entity Name	Terraform Resource
Pet	petstore_pet
GatewayControlPlane	konnect_gateway_control_plane
MeshControlPlane	konnect_mesh_control_plane

For list data sources, use the plural PascalCase form (e.g., Pets).

Resource Importing

Generated providers support importing existing resources into Terraform state.

Simple keys

For resources with a single ID field:

terraform import petstore_pet.my_pet my_pet_id

Composite keys

For resources with multiple ID fields, pass a JSON-encoded object:

terraform import my_test_resource.my_example \
  '{ "primary_key_one": "9cedad30-...", "primary_key_two": "e20c40a0-..." }'

Or use an import block:

import {
  id = jsonencode({
    primary_key_one: "9cedad30-..."
    primary_key_two: "e20c40a0-..."
  })
  to = my_test_resource.my_example
}

Then generate configuration:

terraform plan -generate-config-out=generated.tf

Publishing to the Terraform Registry

Prerequisites

1. Public repository named terraform-provider-{name} (lowercase)
2. GPG signing key for release signing
3. GoReleaser configuration
4. Registration at registry.terraform.io

Step 1: Generate GPG Key

gpg --full-generate-key  # Choose RSA, 4096 bits
gpg --armor --export-secret-keys YOUR_KEY_ID > private.key
gpg --armor --export YOUR_KEY_ID > public.key

Step 2: Configure Repository Secrets

Add to GitHub repository secrets:

• terraform_gpg_secret_key - Private key content
• terraform_gpg_passphrase - Key passphrase

Step 3: Add Release Workflow

# .github/workflows/release.yaml
name: Release
on:
  push:
    tags: ['v*']
permissions:
  contents: write

jobs:
  goreleaser:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
      - uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v5
        id: import_gpg
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.terraform_gpg_secret_key }}
          passphrase: ${{ secrets.terraform_gpg_passphrase }}
      - uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
        with:
          args: release --clean
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          GPG_FINGERPRINT: ${{ steps.import_gpg.outputs.fingerprint }}

Step 4: Register with Terraform Registry

1. Go to registry.terraform.io
2. Sign in with GitHub (org admin required)
3. Publish → Provider → Select your repository

After registration, releases auto-publish when tags are pushed.

Beta Provider Pattern

For large APIs, maintain separate stable and beta providers:

• Stable: terraform-provider-{name} with semver (x.y.z)
• Beta: terraform-provider-{name}-beta with 0.x versioning

Users can install both simultaneously. When beta features mature, graduate them to the stable provider. To set up a beta provider, create a separate terraform-provider-{name}-beta repository with its own gen.yaml using 0.x versioning, and publish it alongside the stable provider.

Testing the Provider

Add Test Dependency

In .speakeasy/gen.yaml:

terraform:
  additionalDependencies:
    github.com/hashicorp/terraform-plugin-testing: v1.13.3

Acceptance Test Structure

// internal/provider/resource_test.go
func TestAccPet_Lifecycle(t *testing.T) {
    t.Parallel()

    resource.Test(t, resource.TestCase{
        PreCheck:                 func() { testAccPreCheck(t) },
        ProtoV6ProviderFactories: testAccProviders(),
        Steps: []resource.TestStep{
            {
                Config: testAccPetConfig("Buddy", 1500),
                Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
                    resource.TestCheckResourceAttr("petstore_pet.test", "name", "Buddy"),
                ),
            },
            {
                ResourceName:      "petstore_pet.test",
                ImportState:       true,
                ImportStateVerify: true,
            },
        },
    })
}

Running Tests

# Unit tests
go test -v ./...

# Acceptance tests (REQUIRES TF_ACC=1)
TF_ACC=1 go test -v ./internal/provider/... -timeout 30m

Note: Without TF_ACC=1, tests silently skip with PASS status.

What NOT to Do

• Do NOT use #list as an operation type -- only create, read, update, delete are valid
• Do NOT modify generated Go code directly -- changes are overwritten on regeneration. Use overlays or hooks instead
• Do NOT omit the CREATE response body -- Terraform needs the response to populate computed fields (e.g., id)
• Do NOT skip x-speakeasy-entity on schemas -- without it, Speakeasy cannot identify Terraform resources
• Do NOT use camelCase or snake_case for entity names -- use PascalCase so Terraform underscore naming works
• Do NOT generate Terraform providers in monorepo mode -- HashiCorp requires a dedicated repository

Troubleshooting

Problem	Cause	Solution
invalid entity operation type: list	Used #list instead of #read	Change to Entity#read; list endpoints use a plural entity name
Resource missing fields after import	READ operation does not return all attributes	Ensure the GET endpoint returns the complete resource schema
ForceNew on unexpected field	Field exists in CREATE but not UPDATE request	Add the field to the UPDATE request body if it should be mutable
Provider fails to compile	Missing Go dependencies	Run go mod tidy in the provider directory
Computed field not populated	Field absent from CREATE response	Ensure the CREATE response returns the full resource including computed fields
Entity not appearing as resource	Missing x-speakeasy-entity annotation	Add x-speakeasy-entity: EntityName to the component schema
Auth not working	Missing API key	Set SPEAKEASY_API_KEY env var or run speakeasy auth login

Related Skills

• start-new-sdk-project - Initial project setup
• manage-openapi-overlays - Add entity annotations via overlay
• diagnose-generation-failure - Troubleshoot generation errors