Minitest vs Test-Unit Divergences

Only covers where minitest and test-unit diverge. If something isn't listed here, it works the same in both.

Assertion Naming Mismatches

Using the wrong name causes NoMethodError.

Concept	minitest	test-unit
Exception	assert_raises (plural)	assert_raise (singular)
Throw	assert_throws (plural)	assert_throw (singular)
Collection inclusion	assert_includes (plural)	assert_include (singular)
Path exists	assert_path_exists (with s)	assert_path_exist (no s)
Negation pattern	refute_* (e.g. refute_nil)	assert_not_* (e.g. assert_not_nil)

test-unit aliases minitest names (assert_raises, refute_*, etc.), so minitest syntax works in test-unit but not vice versa.

Assertions That Only Exist in One Framework

test-unit only

Method	Purpose
assert_nothing_raised	Passes if block doesn't raise (also added by Rails on top of minitest)
assert_true / assert_false	Checks for exactly true or false (not just truthy/falsy)
assert_boolean	Checks value is true or false
assert_compare	For <, <=, >, >= comparisons
assert_raise_with_message	Checks both exception class and message
assert_raise_message	Checks exception message only (any class)
assert_raise_kind_of	Checks exception via kind_of? instead of exact class
assert_const_defined / assert_not_const_defined	Check constant existence
assert_alias_method	Verify method aliasing
assert_nothing_thrown	Passes if block doesn't call throw
assert_block	Passes if block returns truthy

minitest only

Method	Purpose
assert_pattern / refute_pattern	Ruby 3+ pattern matching (in expressions)
assert_silent	Passes if block produces no stdout/stderr
assert_output	Check stdout/stderr content
capture_io / capture_subprocess_io	Capture output for inspection
skip_until(y, m, d, msg)	Skip until a date, then fail as reminder
fail_after(y, m, d, msg)	Pass until a date, then fail as reminder

minitest 6 breaking change

assert_equal(nil, value) is a hard failure in minitest 6. Use assert_nil(value) instead. test-unit has no such restriction.

Test Selection (CLI Flags)

Operation	minitest	test-unit
By name (exact)	-n test_method_name	--name test_method_name
By name (regex)	-n /pattern/	--name "/pattern/"
By name (rake)	N=/pattern/ rake test	N/A
By line number	m test/file.rb:42 or minitest test/file.rb:42 (v6)	--location path.rb:LINE
By line (Rails)	bin/rails test test/file.rb:42	N/A
Exclude by name	-e /pattern/	--ignore-name /pattern/
Exclude by class	N/A	--ignore-testcase /pattern/
Filter by class	N/A (use -n /ClassName#/)	--testcase ClassName
Filter by attribute	N/A	--attribute "speed == :slow"
Seed	-s SEED or --seed SEED	N/A (use --order random)
Stop on failure	N/A	--stop-on-failure
Execution order	Random by default	--order alphabetic / random / defined
Color	-p (pride)	--color-scheme SCHEME

minitest 6 renamed -n to -i (--include). -n still works as an alias but is planned for removal.

Rails-specific flags (minitest underneath)

bin/rails test adds: -b (full backtrace), -f (fail-fast), -d (defer output), --profile [N] (slowest tests).

Lifecycle Differences

minitest

before_setup    (for frameworks like Rails)
  setup         (for test authors)
    after_setup
      [TEST]
    before_teardown
  teardown
after_teardown

No class-level hooks. No cleanup. For before(:all) / after(:all), use the minitest-hooks gem.

test-unit

startup           (class method, once before all tests)
  setup           (instance, before each test)
    [TEST]
  cleanup         (instance, only if test didn't raise)
  teardown        (instance, always runs, even if cleanup raised)
shutdown          (class method, once after all tests)

startup/shutdown have no minitest equivalent. cleanup runs after a passing test but before it's marked as passed — use it for verification like mock expectations. teardown always runs regardless of outcome — use it for resource release.

test-unit also supports registering multiple setup/teardown methods by symbol:

setup :prepare_database, :prepare_cache

Skip / Pending / Omit

Concept	minitest	test-unit
Skip a test	skip("reason")	omit("reason") or pend("reason")
Conditional skip	skip("reason") if condition	omit("reason") if condition or omit_if(condition, "reason") / omit_unless(condition, "reason")
Output character	S	O (omit) or P (pend)

Critical difference: test-unit's pend with a block fails if the block passes. This catches code that was fixed but still marked pending. minitest's skip is always unconditional.

# test-unit: this FAILS if the bug gets fixed
pend("Bug #123") do
  assert_equal(42, buggy_method)  # if this passes, test fails
end

# minitest: no equivalent behavior
skip("Bug #123")  # always skips, no block form

Output Format

Aspect	minitest	test-unit
Progress	.FES	.FEOPN (adds Omit, Pending, Notification)
Summary	N runs, N assertions, N failures, N errors, N skips	N tests, N assertions, N failures, N errors, N pendings, N omissions, N notifications
Throughput	runs/s, assertions/s	tests/s, assertions/s

test-unit Exclusive Features

These have no minitest equivalent:

• Data-driven tests: data("label", value) method generates parameterized test runs
• Priority system: priority :must / :important / :high / :normal / :low / :never with probabilistic execution
• Attributes: Generic metadata on test methods, filterable via --attribute
• sub_test_case: Named nested test groups (minitest uses describe blocks in Spec mode)
• notify: Non-fatal informational messages shown as N in output
• Test runners: Console, Emacs, XML (minitest only has console with plugin system)
• Config file: ~/.test-unit.yml for persistent settings

Rails Context

Rails uses minitest, not test-unit. But Rails adds aliases and methods that blur the line:

Aliases Rails defines on top of minitest:

Rails alias	Delegates to	Effect
assert_not_* (12 methods)	refute_*	assert_not_nil, assert_not_equal, etc. all work in Rails
assert_not	refute	Base negation
assert_raise (singular)	assert_raises	Both singular and plural work in Rails
assert_no_match	refute_match

Methods Rails adds (not in either framework):

Method	Purpose
assert_nothing_raised	Passes if block doesn't raise
assert_difference / assert_no_difference	Check numeric change after block
assert_changes / assert_no_changes	Check value change after block

This means in Rails: assert_not_nil, assert_raise, and assert_nothing_raised all work — but they will not work if you move the test to plain minitest outside Rails.