Single2Spatial spatial mapping

Overview

Apply this skill when converting single-cell references into spatially resolved profiles. It follows t_single2spatial.ipynb, demonstrating how Single2Spatial trains on PDAC scRNA-seq and Visium data, reconstructs spot-level proportions, and visualises marker expression.

Instructions

1. Import dependencies and style
   • Load omicverse as ov, scanpy as sc, anndata, pandas as pd, numpy as np, and matplotlib.pyplot as plt.
   • Call ov.utils.ov_plot_set() (or ov.plot_set() in older versions) to align plots with omicverse styling.
2. Load single-cell and spatial datasets
   • Read processed matrices with pd.read_csv(...) then create AnnData objects (anndata.AnnData(raw_df.T)).
   • Attach metadata: single_data.obs = pd.read_csv(...)[['Cell_type']] and spatial_data.obs = pd.read_csv(... ) containing coordinates and slide metadata.
3. Initialise Single2Spatial
   • Instantiate ov.bulk2single.Single2Spatial(single_data=single_data, spatial_data=spatial_data, celltype_key='Cell_type', spot_key=['xcoord','ycoord'], gpu=0).
   • Note that inputs should be normalised/log-scaled scRNA-seq matrices; ensure spot_key matches spatial coordinate columns.
4. Train the deep-forest model
   • Execute st_model.train(spot_num=500, cell_num=10, df_save_dir='...', df_save_name='pdac_df', k=10, num_epochs=1000, batch_size=1000, predicted_size=32) to fit the mapper and generate reconstructed spatial AnnData (sp_adata).
   • Explain that spot_num defines sampled pseudo-spots per iteration and cell_num controls per-spot cell draws.
5. Load pretrained weights
   • Use st_model.load(modelsize=14478, df_load_dir='.../pdac_df.pth', k=10, predicted_size=32) when checkpoints already exist to skip training.
6. Assess spot-level outputs
   • Call st_model.spot_assess() to compute aggregated spot AnnData (sp_adata_spot) for QC.
   • Plot marker genes with sc.pl.embedding(sp_adata, basis='X_spatial', color=['REG1A', 'CLDN1', ...], frameon=False, ncols=4).
7. Visualise proportions and cell-type maps
   • Use sc.pl.embedding(sp_adata_spot, basis='X_spatial', color=['Acinar cells', ...], frameon=False) to highlight per-spot cell fractions.
   • Plot sp_adata coloured by Cell_type with palette=ov.utils.ov_palette()[11:] to show reconstructed assignments.
8. Export results
   • Encourage saving generated AnnData objects (sp_adata.write_h5ad(...), sp_adata_spot.write_h5ad(...)) and derived CSV summaries for downstream reporting.
9. Defensive validation

   # Before Single2Spatial: verify spatial coordinates exist
   for col in spot_key:
       assert col in spatial_data.obs.columns, f"Spatial coordinate column '{col}' not found in spatial_data.obs"
   # Verify scRNA-seq is log-normalized (max should be <~15, not hundreds/thousands)
   if single_data.X.max() > 50:
       print("WARNING: scRNA-seq data may not be log-normalized. Raw counts cause scale mismatches.")
   # Verify cell type column exists
   assert celltype_key in single_data.obs.columns, f"Cell type column '{celltype_key}' not found"
   

10. Troubleshooting tips

• If training diverges, reduce learning_rate via keyword arguments or decrease predicted_size to stabilise the forest.
• Ensure scRNA-seq inputs are log-normalised; raw counts can lead to scale mismatches and poor spatial predictions.
• Verify GPU availability when gpu is non-zero; fallback to CPU by omitting the argument or setting gpu=-1.

Examples

• "Train Single2Spatial on PDAC scRNA-seq and Visium slides, then visualise REG1A and CLDN1 spatial expression."
• "Load a saved Single2Spatial checkpoint to regenerate spot-level cell-type proportions for reporting."
• "Plot reconstructed cell-type maps with omicverse palettes to compare against histology."

References

• Tutorial notebook: t_single2spatial.ipynb
• Example datasets and models: omicverse_guide/docs/Tutorials-bulk2single/data/pdac/
• Quick copy/paste commands: reference.md