vvvv Patching Patterns

Dataflow Basics

• Left-to-right, top-to-bottom execution order
• Links carry data between pads (input/output connection points)
• Spreading — connecting a Spread<T> to a single-value input auto-iterates the node
• Every frame, the entire connected graph evaluates; disconnected subgraphs are skipped

Both visual patches and C# source projects operate in a live environment — edits take effect immediately while the program runs. Patch changes preserve node state; C# code changes trigger a node restart (Dispose → Constructor). You can adjust parameters, add connections, and restructure patches while seeing results in real-time.

When to Patch vs Write C#

Patch	Code (C#)
Data flow routing, visual connections	Performance-critical algorithms
Prototyping and parameter tweaking	Complex state machines
UI composition and layout	.NET library interop
Simple transformations	Native resource management

As a rule: patch the data flow, code the algorithms.

Regions

Regions are visual constructs that control execution flow:

Region	Purpose	C# Equivalent
ForEach	Iterate over Spread elements	foreach loop
If	Conditional execution	if/else
Switch	Multi-branch selection	switch
Repeat	Loop N times	for loop
Accumulator	Running aggregation	Aggregate/Fold

Process Nodes in Patches

Process nodes are the primary way to add state to patches:

• They have a Create region (runs once) and an Update region (runs each frame)
• Internal state persists between frames
• Can contain sub-patches for complex logic

Channels — Reactive Data Flow

Channels provide two-way data binding:

• IChannel<T> — observable value container
• .Value — read or write the current value
• Channels persist state across sessions
• Connect channels between nodes for reactive updates without explicit links

Event Handling

• Bang — a one-frame true pulse (trigger)
• Toggle — alternates between true and false
• FrameDelay — delays a value by one frame (breaks circular dependencies)
• Use Changed node to detect when a value changes between frames

Patch Organization

Naming Conventions

• Use PascalCase for patch names and node names
• Group related operations under a common category
• Use descriptive names that indicate the operation (verb + noun)

Structure

• Keep patches focused — one purpose per patch
• Extract reusable logic into sub-patches
• Use IOBox nodes for exposing parameters
• Add Pad nodes to create input/output pins on the patch boundary

Common Anti-Patterns

1. Circular dependencies — use FrameDelay to break cycles
2. Too many nodes in one patch — extract sub-patches
3. Polling instead of reacting — use Channels for reactive updates
4. Ignoring Nil — always handle null/empty Spread inputs gracefully

For common patterns reference, see patterns.md.