Azure Architecture Review Skill

This skill reviews Terraform code for Azure resources against Microsoft's Cloud Adoption Framework (CAF) and Well-Architected Framework (WAF). It analyzes .tf files to ensure your infrastructure-as-code follows Microsoft's frameworks.

When to Use This Skill

• Reviewing Terraform code - Check .tf files against CAF/WAF before deployment
• Pull request reviews - Validate infrastructure-as-code changes
• Architecture validation - Ensure Terraform designs follow Microsoft frameworks
• Before terraform apply - Catch compliance issues early in development
• Code refactoring - Align existing Terraform with CAF/WAF best practices
• Compliance audits - Review infrastructure-as-code for governance

Applicable to ALL Azure Resources

This skill works for:

• Networking: Virtual Networks, Firewalls, VPN Gateways, Load Balancers
• Compute: Virtual Machines, App Service, AKS, Container Instances
• Storage: Storage Accounts, Managed Disks, File Shares
• Databases: SQL Database, Cosmos DB, PostgreSQL, MySQL
• Security: Key Vault, Managed Identity, Private Endpoints
• Monitoring: Log Analytics, Application Insights, Alerts
• And more: Any Azure service with Terraform support

Prerequisites

Required MCP Tools:

• mcp_azure_mcp_documentation - Search Microsoft Learn documentation
• mcp_azure_mcp_azureterraformbestpractices - Get Terraform-specific Azure guidance

Context Needed:

• Understanding of the infrastructure being reviewed
• Business requirements (SLA, security, compliance)
• Current state (greenfield vs brownfield)

Review Methodology

Step 1: Get Terraform Best Practices (MANDATORY)

Always call this FIRST before generating or reviewing Terraform code:

# MCP Command
mcp_azure_mcp_azureterraformbestpractices
  command: get
  intent: "Get Azure Terraform best practices before code review"

Returns: Terraform validation workflow (validate → plan → apply), Azure-specific patterns, security defaults, naming conventions

Step 2: Search Cloud Adoption Framework Documentation

Query Pattern: "Cloud Adoption Framework {resource-type} {design-area}"

Examples:

# Networking
query: "Cloud Adoption Framework hub spoke network topology"

# Storage
query: "Cloud Adoption Framework storage account security encryption"

# Compute
query: "Cloud Adoption Framework App Service landing zone networking"

# Databases
query: "Cloud Adoption Framework Azure SQL Database security"

# Security
query: "Cloud Adoption Framework Key Vault secrets management"

Key CAF Design Areas (apply to ALL resources):

1. Resource Organization - Naming, resource groups, subscriptions
2. Security - Authentication, encryption, network isolation, RBAC
3. Network Topology - VNet integration, private endpoints, connectivity
4. Identity & Access - Managed identities, RBAC, Azure AD
5. Governance - Tags, Azure Policy, diagnostics, cost tracking

Step 3: Search Well-Architected Framework Documentation

Query Pattern: "Well-Architected Framework {pillar} {service-name} {concern}"

Generic Pillar Queries:

# Reliability
query: "Well-Architected Framework reliability availability zones disaster recovery"

# Security  
query: "Well-Architected Framework security encryption network access control"

# Cost Optimization
query: "Well-Architected Framework cost optimization pricing SKU right-sizing"

# Operational Excellence
query: "Well-Architected Framework operational excellence monitoring diagnostics"

# Performance Efficiency
query: "Well-Architected Framework performance efficiency scalability throughput"

Service-Specific Pattern: "{Service} Well-Architected {pillar}"

# Examples
query: "Storage Account Well-Architected security encryption"
query: "App Service Well-Architected reliability availability zones"
query: "Azure SQL Database Well-Architected reliability high availability"
query: "Key Vault Well-Architected security access policies"

Step 4: Service-Specific Guidance

Search for service-specific WAF guidance:

# Pattern: "{Azure Service} Well-Architected best practices"
query: "Azure Firewall Well-Architected best practices"
query: "VPN Gateway Well-Architected reliability"
query: "Virtual Machines Well-Architected best practices"
query: "Azure Kubernetes Service Well-Architected security"

Validation Framework

Universal Checklist (ALL Resources)

CAF Validation:

• Naming convention: {type}-{workload}-{env}-{region}-{instance}
• Required tags: environment, project, owner, cost-center, managed-by
• Resource organization: appropriate subscription/resource group
• Documentation: README with usage examples

WAF Reliability:

• Zone redundancy or appropriate SLA
• Backup/recovery strategy
• Health monitoring configured

WAF Security:

• Managed identity (not service principal)
• Private endpoint (no public access)
• Encryption at rest and in transit
• RBAC with least privilege
• No hardcoded secrets

WAF Cost:

• Right-sized SKU for workload
• Appropriate replication/redundancy level
• Cost tags for tracking

WAF Operations:

• Diagnostic settings enabled
• Log Analytics integration
• Infrastructure as Code (Terraform)
• Input validation

WAF Performance:

• SKU meets performance requirements
• Scaling configured appropriately
• Optimised for workload patterns

Note: Detailed resource-specific validation checklists are in references/REFERENCE.md

Review Output Template

Summary

• Architecture Type: [Hub-Spoke / Virtual WAN / Other]
• Environment: [Production / Non-Production]
• Overall Compliance Score: [X/100]

Framework Alignment

CAF Score: [X%] ✅ / ⚠️ / ❌

• Network Topology: [findings]
• Naming Conventions: [findings]
• Resource Organization: [findings]
• Tagging Strategy: [findings]

WAF Pillar Scores

Pillar	Score	Status	Key Findings
Reliability	X%	✅/⚠️/❌	[summary]
Security	X%	✅/⚠️/❌	[summary]
Cost Optimization	X%	✅/⚠️/❌	[summary]
Operational Excellence	X%	✅/⚠️/❌	[summary]
Performance Efficiency	X%	✅/⚠️/❌	[summary]

Recommended Actions

High Priority

1. [Issue] - [Recommendation with code example]

   # Current (❌)
   [bad code]
   
   # Recommended (✅)
   [good code]
   

   Reference: [Link to Microsoft docs]

Medium Priority

1. [Enhancement] - [Recommendation]

Low Priority

1. [Optional Enhancement] - [Recommendation]

Example: Storage Account Review

## Review Request
Review my storage account Terraform for CAF/WAF compliance.

## Steps Taken
1. ✅ Called `azureterraformbestpractices get`
2. ✅ Searched CAF: "Cloud Adoption Framework storage account security"
3. ✅ Searched WAF: "Storage Account Well-Architected security encryption"

## Overall Score: 75/100

### Framework Scores
- **CAF**: 85% ✅ (naming correct, tags present)
- **WAF Reliability**: 60% ⚠️ (LRS - not zone-redundant)
- **WAF Security**: 70% ⚠️ (public access enabled)
- **WAF Cost**: 90% ✅
- **WAF Operations**: 80% ✅

### Critical Findings

#### High Priority

**1. Public Access Enabled** (Security)
```hcl
# Current (❌)
public_network_access_enabled = true

# Recommended (✅)
public_network_access_enabled = false

resource "azurerm_private_endpoint" "storage" {
  name                = "pe-${var.storage_account_name}"
  location            = var.location
  resource_group_name = var.resource_group_name
  subnet_id           = var.subnet_id
  
  private_service_connection {
    name                           = "psc-storage"
    private_connection_resource_id = azurerm_storage_account.this.id
    subresource_names             = ["blob"]
    is_manual_connection          = false
  }
}

Reference: Storage Account Private Endpoints

2. LRS Not Zone-Redundant (Reliability)

# Current (⚠️)
account_replication_type = "LRS"  # Single zone

# Production (✅)
account_replication_type = "ZRS"   # Zone-redundant
# OR
account_replication_type = "GZRS"  # Geo-zone-redundant

Reference: Storage Redundancy

## Example: App Service Review

```markdown
## Review Request
Check App Service Terraform against Microsoft best practices.

## Overall Score: 82/100

### High Priority

**Zone Redundancy Not Enabled** (Reliability)
```hcl
# Current (⚠️)
sku_name = "P1v2"  # Doesn't support zones

# Production (✅)
sku_name               = "P1v3"  # PremiumV3
zone_balancing_enabled = true    # Zone redundancy

Impact: Improves availability from 99.95% → 99.99%

Reference: App Service Zone Redundancy

Medium Priority

Health Check Not Configured (Reliability)

# Add this (✅)
site_config {
  health_check_path                 = "/health"
  health_check_eviction_time_in_min = 5
}

## Tips and Best Practices

### 🔍 Search Query Optimization

**Good queries** (specific, actionable):
- "Cloud Adoption Framework {service} security best practices"
- "Well-Architected Framework {service} reliability zones"
- "{service} encryption private endpoint security baseline"

**Poor queries** (too broad):
- "Azure best practices" ❌
- "Cloud Adoption Framework" ❌
- "security" ❌

### 🎯 Resource-Agnostic Approach

The methodology is the same for ALL resources:
1. Call Terraform best practices (always first)
2. Search CAF for resource-specific guidance
3. Search WAF for each pillar
4. Generate report with scores and recommendations

**The queries change, the methodology doesn't!**

### ⚡ Common Gaps to Check

1. **Missing diagnostic settings** - Most common WAF gap
2. **No NSG flow logs** - Security and operational visibility
3. **Hardcoded values** - Should use variables
4. **No cost estimates** - Users need to understand spend
5. **Missing examples** - Modules need working examples

### 🎯 Validation Priority

1. **Security** - Always highest priority (breaches are expensive)
2. **Reliability** - Downtime impacts business
3. **Operational Excellence** - Reduces long-term costs
4. **Cost Optimization** - Balance with other pillars
5. **Performance Efficiency** - Optimize after stability

## Scoring Framework

**Overall Score Calculation**:

Total Score = (CAF Score × 0.4) + (WAF Score × 0.6) CAF Score = (Topology + Naming + Tagging + Organization) / 4 WAF Score = (Reliability + Security + Cost + OpEx + Performance) / 5

**Grade Interpretation**:
- **90-100%**: ✅ Excellent - Production ready
- **80-89%**: ✅ Good - Minor enhancements needed
- **70-79%**: ⚠️ Acceptable - Several improvements required
- **60-69%**: ⚠️ Needs Work - Significant gaps
- **Below 60%**: ❌ Not Recommended - Major revisions needed

## Additional Resources

- **Detailed Validation Checklists**: See [references/REFERENCE.md](references/REFERENCE.md) for resource-specific validation criteria
- **MCP Commands**: Full command syntax in [references/REFERENCE.md](references/REFERENCE.md)
- **Scoring Details**: Detailed pillar scoring in [references/REFERENCE.md](references/REFERENCE.md)
- **Common Findings**: Examples of fixes in [references/REFERENCE.md](references/REFERENCE.md)

## Integration with Other Skills

- **azure-verified-modules** - Learn implementation patterns from AVM
- **terraform-security-scan** - Deep security validation with tfsec/checkov
- **github-actions-terraform** - CI/CD pipeline best practices

## References

- [Azure Cloud Adoption Framework](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/)
- [Azure Well-Architected Framework](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/well-architected/)
- [Hub-Spoke Network Topology](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/architecture/networking/architecture/hub-spoke)
- [Azure Landing Zones](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/ready/landing-zone/)
- [Network Design Area](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/ready/landing-zone/design-area/network-topology-and-connectivity)