Base UI Guide

Base UI (@base-ui/react) is an unstyled React component library for building accessible user interfaces. From the creators of Radix, Material UI, and Floating UI. Components are headless, composable, and WAI-ARIA compliant. Supports React 17+ and all modern browsers (Baseline Widely Available). Tree-shakable single package.

Do NOT use this guide for Radix UI (radix-ui), Material UI (MUI @mui/material), or Shadcn/ui — those are separate libraries with different APIs.

Quick Start

npm i @base-ui/react

Setup

Portals - Add stacking context isolation to prevent z-index conflicts:

.root { isolation: isolate; }

<body><div className="root">{children}</div></body>

iOS 26+ Safari - For dialog backdrops:

body { position: relative; }

Import Pattern

All components use namespaced compound pattern from a single package:

import { Popover } from '@base-ui/react/popover';

<Popover.Root>
  <Popover.Trigger>Open</Popover.Trigger>
  <Popover.Portal>
    <Popover.Positioner sideOffset={8}>
      <Popover.Popup>
        <Popover.Arrow />
        <Popover.Title>Title</Popover.Title>
        <Popover.Description>Content</Popover.Description>
      </Popover.Popup>
    </Popover.Positioner>
  </Popover.Portal>
</Popover.Root>

Core Patterns

Styling (components are completely unstyled)

CSS Classes - static or state-dependent:

<Switch.Thumb className="SwitchThumb" />
<Switch.Thumb className={(state) => state.checked ? 'checked' : 'unchecked'} />

Data Attributes - all components expose state via data-* attributes:

.SwitchThumb[data-checked] { background: blue; }
.Popup[data-starting-style] { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.9); }

CSS Custom Properties - dynamic values for layout/animation:

.Indicator { width: var(--slider-indicator-width); }
.Popup { transform-origin: var(--transform-origin); }

Works with Tailwind CSS, CSS Modules, CSS-in-JS, or plain CSS.

Composition (render prop)

Replace default elements with custom components or different HTML tags:

// Custom component (must forward ref and spread props)
<Dialog.Trigger render={<MyButton size="md" />} />

// Different HTML element
<Menu.Item render={<a href="/profile" />}>Profile</Menu.Item>

// Render function with state access
<Checkbox.Root render={(props, state) => (
  <span {...props}>{state.checked ? <CheckIcon /> : <BoxIcon />}</span>
)} />

Server Components (Next.js / RSC)

All interactive Base UI components require 'use client' in React Server Component environments. Only static display components (Separator, Avatar without interaction) can be used in server components.

Combobox List Render Pattern

Combobox and Autocomplete use a unique render-children pattern on List — pass a function that receives each filtered item:

<Combobox.List>
  {(item) => (
    <Combobox.Item key={item.value} value={item}>
      {item.label}
    </Combobox.Item>
  )}
</Combobox.List>

This differs from Select, where you explicitly .map() over items inside Select.List.

Controlled vs Uncontrolled

All interactive components support both modes:

// Uncontrolled (internal state)
<Dialog.Root defaultOpen={false}>

// Controlled (external state)
<Dialog.Root open={isOpen} onOpenChange={setIsOpen}>

Event Customization

Change handlers receive (value, eventDetails):

<Dialog.Root onOpenChange={(open, details) => {
  if (details.reason === 'escape-key') {
    details.cancel(); // Prevent closing
  }
}}>

Key eventDetails methods: cancel(), allowPropagation(). Access reason for why the change occurred.

Animation

CSS Transitions (recommended - can be cancelled midway):

.Popup {
  transition: transform 150ms, opacity 150ms;
  transform-origin: var(--transform-origin);
}
.Popup[data-starting-style],
.Popup[data-ending-style] {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0.9);
}

CSS Animations: Use [data-open] / [data-closed] with @keyframes.

JavaScript (Motion): Use keepMounted + render prop + <AnimatePresence>.

TypeScript

Types organized by namespace:

Tooltip.Root.Props          // Component props
Popover.Positioner.State    // Internal state type
Combobox.Root.ChangeEventDetails  // Event details type

Component Catalog

Overlay & Navigation

Component	Parts	Description
Dialog	Root, Trigger, Portal, Backdrop, Popup, Title, Description, Close	Modal dialog with focus trap
AlertDialog	Root, Trigger, Portal, Backdrop, Popup, Title, Description, Close	Confirmation dialog (no pointer dismiss)
Popover	Root, Trigger, Portal, Positioner, Popup, Arrow, Title, Description	Non-modal floating content
Tooltip	Provider, Root, Trigger, Portal, Positioner, Popup, Arrow	Hover/focus info popup
PreviewCard	Root, Trigger, Portal, Positioner, Popup, Arrow	Link hover preview
Toast	Provider, Portal, Viewport, Root, Title, Description, Action, Close	Notification toasts (stacked or anchored)
Menu	Root, Trigger, Portal, Positioner, Popup, Arrow, Item, Group, Separator + Radio/Checkbox items	Dropdown menu with submenus
ContextMenu	Root, Trigger, Portal, Positioner, Popup, Item, Group + submenus	Right-click context menu
NavigationMenu	Root, List, Item, Trigger, Content, Portal, Positioner, Popup, Link	Site navigation with panels
Menubar	Wrapper + Menu.Root instances	Horizontal application menu bar

Form Controls

Component	Parts	Description
Form	Single wrapper	Form with validation and submission
Field	Root, Label, Control, Description, Error, Validity	Field wrapper with validation
Fieldset	Root, Legend	Groups related fields
Input	Single element	Text input with state data attributes
NumberField	Root, ScrubArea, Group, Decrement, Input, Increment	Numeric input with stepper
Checkbox	Root, Indicator	Checkbox with indeterminate support
CheckboxGroup	Root	Manages multiple checkbox state
Radio	Root, Indicator + RadioGroup	Radio button group
Select	Root, Trigger, Value, Portal, Positioner, Popup, List, Item, ItemIndicator	Dropdown select
Combobox	Root, Input, Trigger, Portal, Positioner, Popup, List, Item + chips	Searchable select with filtering
Autocomplete	Root, Input, Trigger, Portal, Positioner, Popup, List, Item	Text input with suggestions
Switch	Root, Thumb	Toggle switch
Slider	Root, Value, Control, Track, Indicator, Thumb	Range slider (single or multi-thumb)
Toggle	Single element	Pressable toggle button
ToggleGroup	Wrapper + Toggle children	Exclusive or multi-select toggles
Button	Single element	Accessible button

Display & Layout

Component	Parts	Description
Accordion	Root, Item, Header, Trigger, Panel	Expandable content sections
Collapsible	Root, Trigger, Panel	Single expand/collapse
Tabs	Root, List, Tab, Indicator, Panel	Tabbed interface
ScrollArea	Root, Viewport, Content, Scrollbar, Thumb, Corner	Custom scrollbars
Toolbar	Root, Button, Link, Separator, Group, Input	Action toolbar
Separator	Single element	Visual divider
Progress	Root, Track, Indicator, Value, Label	Progress bar
Meter	Root, Track, Indicator, Value, Label	Gauge/meter display
Avatar	Root, Image, Fallback	Profile image with fallback

Utilities

Utility	Purpose
CSPProvider	Apply nonce to inline styles/scripts for CSP
DirectionProvider	Enable RTL behavior for components
mergeProps	Merge React props with special handler/class/style merging
useRender	Hook to enable render prop pattern in custom components

Key Rules

Always use isolation: isolate on app root for portal z-index stacking
Components are unstyled - you must provide all CSS
Custom components in render must forward ref and spread props
Use data attributes for state-based styling, not className toggling
CSS transitions > CSS animations for interruptible open/close effects
Animate opacity (even 0.9999) so Base UI detects animation completion before unmounting
Form fields need name prop on Field.Root for form submission
Field.Label uses nativeLabel prop - set false for button-based controls (Select, Combobox)
Popup components follow: Root > Trigger > Portal > Positioner > Popup > Arrow pattern
preventBaseUIHandler() on React events to bypass Base UI's internal event handling

Common Pitfalls

Portal z-index issues: Forgot isolation: isolate on app root - popups appear behind content
Animation not completing: Not animating opacity - Base UI uses element.getAnimations() to detect completion; animate opacity even to 0.9999 if not otherwise needed
Select/Combobox label not associating: Need nativeLabel={false} on Field.Label for button-based controls (Select, Combobox)
Popup appearing behind content: Missing Portal wrapper or stacking context not set up
Form values not collected on submit: Missing name prop on Field.Root
Nested popups all close on Esc: Default behavior stops propagation; use eventDetails.allowPropagation() if you want parent popups to also close
Motion exit animations not playing: Must use keepMounted on Portal + controlled open state + <AnimatePresence> for unmounted components

Common CSS Variables

Popup/floating components expose:

--anchor-width, --anchor-height - Trigger element dimensions
--available-width, --available-height - Available space
--transform-origin - Animation origin point

Sizing components expose:

--accordion-panel-height, --collapsible-panel-height - Panel dimensions
--slider-*, --scroll-area-* - Component-specific sizing
--active-tab-left, --active-tab-width - Tab indicator positioning

Reference Files

references/components-dialogs.md - Dialog, AlertDialog, Popover, Tooltip, PreviewCard
references/components-menus.md - Toast, Menu, ContextMenu, NavigationMenu, Menubar, shared patterns
references/components-form-fields.md - Form, Field, Fieldset, Input, NumberField, Checkbox, CheckboxGroup, Radio
references/components-form-controls.md - Select, Combobox, Autocomplete, Switch, Slider, Toggle, ToggleGroup, Button
references/components-panels.md - Accordion, Collapsible, Tabs, ScrollArea
references/components-indicators.md - Toolbar, Separator, Progress, Meter, Avatar
references/styling.md - Complete styling guide (Tailwind, CSS Modules, CSS-in-JS)
references/animation.md - Animation patterns (CSS transitions, CSS animations, Motion/JS)
references/composition.md - Composition, customization, and event handling
references/forms-typescript.md - Form integration and TypeScript type patterns
references/utilities.md - CSPProvider, DirectionProvider, mergeProps, useRender
references/accessibility.md - Accessibility features, keyboard navigation, focus management, ARIA

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